关键区别-支气管炎与上呼吸道感染

虽然支气管炎和上呼吸道感染都是指呼吸系统问题，但由于感染部位和症状支气管树代表下呼吸道的分流管。支气管粘膜的炎症称为支气管炎。支气管炎和上呼吸道感染的关键区别在于，支气管炎是一种下呼吸道感染，而上呼吸道感染顾名思义是上呼吸道感染。有时，上呼吸道感染会扩散到支气管，引起支气管炎。可能存在上下呼吸道同时受累的情况。

什么是支气管炎(bronchitis)？

Bronchitis or inflammation of the bronchi can occur commonly with viral infecti***. These respiratory viruses include respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, etc. Few bacterial infecti*** and tuberculosis can also cause bronchitis. Typically, it causes a productive cough and respiratory wheeze or stridor; these are the sounds that originate in the lower airway. Most of the time, bronchitis per say is rare, and it is usually associated with infection of the surrounding respiratory tract. Bronchitis in vulnerable patients such as infants, elderly, immunocompromised, with other co-morbidities can lead to more serious complicati*** and a worse outcome.  Bronchitis can be two forms based on the duration of symptoms. Acute bronchitis usually lasts for few weeks while chronic bronchitis symptoms last for more than 6 weeks. Long standing **oking can lead to chronic bronchitis due to the damage to bronchial mucosa. Treatment of bronchitis includes antibiotics, antivirals, bronchodilators and steroids as well as supportive measures such as steam inhalation and physiotherapy.

什么是上呼吸道感染(upper respiratory infection)？

Upper respiratory infecti*** are very common, and we all have experienced at least few episodes during our lives.In most cases, upper respiratory infecti*** are caused by respiratory viruses such as adenovirus and coronavirus. Common symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, nasal block as well as systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia. Upper respiratory infecti*** are spread by respiratory droplets and through  direct contact with respiratory secreti*** of an affected person. Usually, upper respiratory infecti*** are self-limiting. However, symptomatic treatment such as antihistamines, steroids may be required during the course of the illness. Upper respiratory infecti*** are commonly acquired in crowded places and communities.

支气管炎(bronchitis)和上呼吸道感染(upper respiratory infection)的区别

支气管炎和上呼吸道感染的定义

支气管炎：支气管炎是支气管粘膜的炎症。

上呼吸道感染：上呼吸道感染是指鼻、窦、咽、喉的感染。

支气管炎与上呼吸道感染的特点

解剖

支气管炎：支气管炎引起下呼吸道炎症。

上呼吸道感染：上呼吸道感染累及鼻、窦、咽、喉等上呼吸道。

症状

支气管炎：支气管炎主要引起下呼吸道症状，包括生产性咳嗽、呼吸性气喘或喘鸣。

上呼吸道感染：上呼吸道感染导致打喷嚏、鼻塞、流鼻涕等。

症状持续时间

支气管炎：支气管炎症状会持续数周，因为修复受损黏膜需要时间。

上呼吸道感染：上呼吸道感染通常只持续几天，而且是自限性的。

风险因素

支气管炎：对于支气管炎来说，吸烟是众所周知的危险因素。它能直接损害呼吸道黏膜，受损的黏膜容易感染。

上呼吸道感染：上呼吸道感染在拥挤的社区以及住房设施差的地方很常见。

治疗

支气管炎：支气管炎通常需要特殊治疗，如抗生素和支气管扩张剂。

上呼吸道感染：轻度上呼吸道感染通常不需要任何治疗。

预防

支气管炎：对于支气管炎，戒烟是重要的预防措施。