什么是程序的送达？(service of process?)
送达程序是指一个人受到刑事或民事制裁所需的法律通知。在大多数国家，在法院能够获得对个人的管辖权之前，都需要送达诉讼程序。构成适当送达的确切规则因管辖区和国家的不同而不同。
为了使法院能够裁决争端并施加惩罚或授权行动，法院必须对个人拥有管辖权。管辖权的获得，部分是通过发出适当的诉讼文件。根据美国保护正当程序的宪法法律，以及许多其他国家的同等规则和规定，一个人有权获得适当的法律程序，这包括被告知一项法律行动并有机会代表自己发言。
当原告提起诉讼或检察官获得针对个人的起诉书时，法院不能简单地作出裁决而不给当事人一个为自己说话的机会。该人必须知道法院的诉讼已经开始了。送达诉讼程序的功能以及与送达诉讼程序相关的规则，是为了确保该人知道该诉讼并有机会发言。
在大多数普通法管辖区，如美国、加拿大、英国和澳大利亚，规则规定，法律行动的通知，或 "程序"，必须由合格的个人送达。通常情况下，规则规定，这样的个人必须是成年人，是法院官员，而不是诉讼的一方。换句话说，原告不能向被告送达诉讼程序，而诉讼程序通常由警长或法院的其他官员送达。
在大陆法系司法管辖区，如法国，一个被称为huissier de justice的特殊官员被委托负责发出正式的送达程序。这个人可以亲自送达诉讼文件。他也可以通过某种类型的认证邮件来送达。
如果一个人不容易被找到，大多数司法管辖区允许替代送达。例如，如果某人的地址不详或此人躲藏起来，可能很难向他送达通知。在报纸上刊登规定周数的法定诉讼通知通常足以算作送达，然后法院可以举行听证会，并在被告不出现时对其作出缺席判决。
- 发表于 2022-02-17 22:33
- 阅读 ( 102 )
- 分类：法律
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