法律问题是指在审判之前、期间或之后出现的与法律解释有关的问题。法律问题由法官决定,他权衡现有的信息,考虑他或她的法律知识,并就该问题作出裁决。法官还决定在法庭上提出的问题是法律问题还是事实问题,因为在陪审团审判中,事实问题由陪审团而不是法官决定。
相比之下,事实问题涉及实际发生的事实事件。在没有陪审团在场的审判中,法官对法律和事实问题都作出裁决,但在陪审团审判中,只有陪审团可以对事实作出裁决。法官的责任是确保法律被公平和适当地应用于案件,允许陪审团对事实进行裁决。
例如,在谋杀案审判中,问题是:"被告是否杀害了死者?"这是一个事实问题。它必须由陪审团根据现有的信息来决定。相比之下,"如果有人买了一把枪,计划杀一个人,然后用它射杀一个人,这是不是一级谋杀?"是一个法律问题。法律问题可以由任何一方在审判期间提出,并且需要法律专业知识来回答。
当案件被上诉时,最常见的是在上诉中讨论的法律问题。除非在最初的审判中陈述事实的方式存在严重问题,或者缺少关键信息,否则对事实的判定被认为是有效的。在上诉中可能受到质疑的是法律问题是否得到了适当的解决。有时一个法律问题在很大程度上取决于法官的自由裁量权,另一位法官可能会裁定第一位法官实际上是不正确的。
当法官对某一法律问题作出决定时,法官可以发表正式的书面意见。当法官作出可能有争议的决定,或以新的方式解释一项法律时,这一点尤其重要。其他法官在对法律问题作出决定时,可以参考这种关于法律问题的书面意见,而这种法律决定也成为法学的一部分。
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