腦幹(brainstem)和脊髓(spinal cord)的區別
腦幹和脊髓是神經系統中兩個位置相近的部分，儘管它們在生理和功能上存在差異。神經系統是神經細胞和神經纖維的網絡，通過神經信號控制身體的許多活動。腦幹和脊髓的關鍵區別在於，腦幹有助於控制大腦的運動和感覺功能以及某些複雜的功能，而脊髓則通過腦幹把神經帶到大腦和身體的其他部位。本文旨在探討腦幹與脊髓的區別。
什麼是腦幹(the brainstem)？
Brainstem links spinal cord with the brain through nerve fibers and is crucial for many nerve functi***. It is subdivided into the medulla, oblongata, p***, and midbrain. Most cranial nerves, which tran**it sensory and motor information to and from nuclear groups, are attached to the brainstem and help to control the motor and sensory functi*** of the head. The brainstem controls certain complex functi*** such as respiration, cardiovascular regulation, c***ciousness, and sleep.
什麼是脊髓(the spinal cord)？
The spinal cord is a long tubular bundle of nerves that arises from the brainstem and extends down through the vertebral column until it reaches the space between first and second lumbar vertebrae. It is one of the main components of the central nervous system (the other part is brain). The main role of the spinal cord is carrying nerve impulses to and from the brain through the brainstem to the rest of the body. The spinal cord is enclosed in the vertebral column (backbone), which provides protection from vibration and other injuries to it. In addition, it is also protected by three tissue layers known as meninges. The nerves arise from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. Based on the regi*** where spinal nerves arise through vertebral column, there are three types of spinal nerves; (a) cervical nerves that control respiration and carry nerve impulses to arms, neck and upper trunk, (b) thoracic nerves that carry nerve impulse to trunk and abdomen, and (c) lumbar nerves which carry nerve impulses to bladder, bowel and sexual organs.
腦幹(brainstem)和脊髓(spinal cord)的區別
腦幹和脊髓的定義
腦幹：腦幹是大腦的莖狀部分，由延髓、中腦和腦橋組成。
脊髓：是神經組織穿過脊柱椎管的脊髓。
腦幹和脊髓的特點
位置
腦幹：腦幹是介於脊髓和大腦之間的部分。
脊髓：脊髓通過腦幹與大腦相連，並通過脊椎向下延伸。
功能
腦幹：它有助於控制大腦的運動和感覺功能，某些複雜的功能，如呼吸、心血管調節、意識和睡眠。
脊髓：它通過腦幹把神經帶到大腦和身體的其他部分。
脊髓是中樞神經系統的主要部分，而腦幹是大腦的一個子部分，是中樞神經系統的另一個主要部分。
結構
腦幹：腦幹由延髓、延髓、橋腦和中腦組成
Image Courtesy: “Blausen 0114 BrainstemAnatomy” by Blausen.com staff. Own work. (CC BY 3.0) via Comm*** “Diagram of the spinal cord CRUK 046” by Cancer Research UK – Original email from CRUK. (CC BY-SA 4.0) via Comm***
