食草动物消化道(alimentary c**** of herbivores)和食肉动物(carnivores)的区别

在讨论食草动物和食肉动物消化道的区别之前，让我们先简单讨论一下消化道的功能。地球上所有的哺乳动物根据其饮食模式可分为三大类：草食动物、食肉动物和杂食动物。消化道是食物通过身体排出废物的通道。哺乳动物的消化道包括口、咽、食道、胃、小肠、大肠和**。食草动物和食肉动物有独特的饮食模式，消化系统很好地适应了它们的特定饮食。这些适应对它们的生存极为有用。然而，食草动物与食肉动物的主要区别在于食肉动物的消化道较短，胃比食草动物大。在这篇文章中，将着重讨论食草动物和食肉动物消化道的进一步区别。

食肉动物消化道

Some mammals feed only on flesh of the other animals. They are called carnivores. The alimentary c****s of carnivores are well adapted to deal with protein-rich food. Carnivores have a long stomach that can store food for long periods, thus can survive long periods between meals. Moreover, their stomachs have strong gastric juices like pepsin, which are useful to digest bony parts of their diets. Moreover, the duodenum, ileum and colon of carnivores are not enlarged and have less bacterial breakdown. Their liver is enlarged and well-adapted for transamination and deamination.

食草动物消化道

Herbivores are animals that feed only on plant matters. Due to the low nutrient content of plant foods, herbivores need a large amount of food and eat for a long time. Herbivorous mammals cannot produce cellulase, which is required for the digestion of the cellulose cell wall of plants. In order to digest cellulose, they have bacteria that can produce cellulose enzyme. Even with cellulose-digesting bacteria, herbivores get a very low amount of nutrients from the plant matters. Because of this, many herbivores can get the partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth to be re-chewed; which is called chewing the cud. Certain herbivores like horses and cows have a complex four-chambered stomach. The compartments are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Because of the presence of rumen, which is an enlarged fermentation chamber with a great amount of symbiotic cellulose-digesting bacteria, these herbivores are called ruminants.

食草动物消化道(alimentary c**** of herbivores)和食肉动物(carnivores)的区别

食草动物消化道的特点

长度

食草动物：食肉动物的消化道比食草动物短。

食肉动物：食草动物的消化道比食肉动物长。

细菌的存在

草食动物：草食动物有共生的纤维素消化菌，能消化植物细胞壁的纤维素。

食肉动物：食肉动物的细菌分解较少

胃

食肉动物：食肉动物的胃很长，可以长期储存食物。与食草动物不同，食肉动物的胃分泌胃液，如胃蛋白酶。

食草动物：像反刍动物这样的食草动物有四个腔室的胃

食管

食草动物：食草动物的食道允许部分消化的食物从胃到口的逆向蠕动。

食肉动物：食肉动物的食道不允许反向蠕动。