周三，美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）记者吉姆·阿科斯塔（Jim Acosta）在新闻发布会上就移民问题与总统进行了有针对性的交流，导致特朗普**禁止他入主白宫。在交流过程中，特朗普的一名助手试图将麦克风从他身边夺开。今天，一场党派之争爆发了，这场战争的焦点是这一事件的视频到底显示了什么——这样做似乎预示着一个时代的到来，在这个时代中，**纵的视频进一步侵蚀了真假之间的界限。

Aaron Rupar以Vox为舞台布景：

When Trump insulted Acosta at the press conference, a White House intern approached him and tried to physically remove a microphone from his hands. Their arms touched as the woman reached across Acosta’s body to grab the microphone he was holding in his hand.

Looking back at the video, it does not in fact show Acosta “placing his hands” on the woman. But about 90 minutes after she posted her string of tweets, Infowars editor Paul Joseph Watson tweeted out a video of the incident that was doctored to make it look like Acosta chopped the woman’s arm with his hand.

Less than an hour later, [Press Secretary Sarah] Sanders tweeted out the doctored video, writing, “We will not tolerate the inappropriate behavior clearly documented in this video.”

Vox的头条新闻称这段视频是“假信息战视频”，是吗？查理·沃泽尔（Charlie Warzel）给沃森（Watson）发了一封短信，沃森告诉他，他只是放大了一段视频，但没有放大，就照原样放了下来。这引发了关于视频帧速率的简单改变是否会改变视频，使其看起来好像Acosta是侵略者的争论。正如沃泽尔所指出的，这很复杂：

Watson’s defense is an issue of semantics — that he altered the video but did not “doctor” it to show something that wasn’t there. Unfortunately, establishing just how the video was changed is complicated. The original video file was created by Watson from a gif file that the Daily Wire tweeted. It’s not out of the realm of possibility that the image was distorted by that process. More importantly, the process of converting videos to gifs often results in losing frames from the original video file (in the case of the Daily Wire gif, that means there’s likely frames missing from the original CSPAN video it was made from).

It’s all confusing. There’s even an example in which all parties are mostly correct. Watson’s clip is different than the CSPAN clip because it was taken from a gif and thus missing frames, which could cause the Acosta movement to look faster than it actually was. In that case, one can argue that the video was made faster. If that’s the case, there’s also an argument that Watson is telling the truth — he didn’t personally speed up the video, he just took a clip that was missing frames.

与此同时，“社交媒体情报”公司Storyful的记者Shane Raymond进行了逐帧分析，得出结论认为Sanders分享了经过修改的片段，以使某些帧重复。《*****》的德鲁·哈威尔引用了其他各种分析，也写道这些录像带是被篡改的。帕里斯·马蒂诺（Paris Martineau）也一帧接一帧地讲述了这段视频，他巧妙地指出，这段视频使这一事件看起来比主要通过重复三次更具戏剧性。

不管怎样，沃泽尔担心今天标志着反乌托邦道路上的一个里程碑，在反乌托邦中，每个人“选择自己的现实”部分基于篡改的视频。

近几个月来，随着“深度假货”的出现，这种担忧加剧了。这种假货最终可能会以非常清晰的细节显示人们在做他们实际上没有做的事情。当然，仅仅是这些完美假货的存在，就会让人怀疑所有合法视频剪辑的真实性。

但这次选举表明，可能给我们带来最大问题的是真实的视频，而不是伪造的视频。简·利特维年科（Jane Lytvynenko）本周写了一篇关于一段误导性视频的文章，该视频据称显示选民欺诈。实际上，它显示了卡纸。Facebook和Instagram因违反规定而删除了该视频；推特把它放在一边，它已经被浏览了95000多次。

最近离职的Facebook安全总监Alex Stamos表示，在可预见的未来，贴错标签的视频可能比篡改的视频问题更大。”他在推特上写道：“与没有虚假技术指标的错帧视频相比，深度假货有太多的风险。”没有[机器学习]算法来查找故意贴错标签的视频。”

也没有一种算法可以解决阿科斯塔对白宫的案件。许多聪明的人，看着同样的镜头，带着完全不同的结论离开了它。这些结论在很大程度上反映了他们的政治观点。换句话说，他们选择了自己的现实。

在这里，在我的现实中，一名助手试图从一名正在工作的记者手中抢夺麦克风是对民主的攻击。但在这一天，这似乎或多或少偏离了主题，即使事实上它已经发生了没有争议。

民主

Facebook似乎在这次选举中幸存了下来

库尔特·瓦格纳（Kurt Wagner）指出，无论Facebook在选举日表现得多么出色，它真正的问题直到几个月后才显现出来，当时该公司和记者都可以深入了解选举结果(萨尔·罗德里格斯在这里也提出了类似的观点。）

The problem, of course, is that Facebook appeared to be fine the day after the 2016 election, too. CEO Mark Zuckerberg even di**issed the idea that so-called fake news was a real problem. It wasn’t until months later that people, Facebook included, fully realized the extent to which Russian trolls were using the service to try and sow political discord among U.S. voters.

Facebook在选举日表现良好。但现在不能松懈。

和我一样，凯文·鲁斯（Kevin Roose）认为Facebook在选举日后面临的最大风险之一是它会变得自满：

Facebook has shown, time and again, that it behaves resp***ibly only when placed under a well-lit microscope. So as our collective attention fades from the midterms, it seems certain that outsiders will need to continue to hold the company accountable, and push it to do more to safeguard its users — in every country, during every election season — from a flood of lies and manipulation.

欧盟Vestager调查Facebook是否存在潜在的税务调查

我已经正式失去了Facebook在欧洲渗透的调查和潜在调查的数量，所以如果有人想创建一个更新的电子表格，我很乐意链接到这里。与此同时，欧盟竞争主管正在考虑一项新的税务调查，Thibault报道：

EU competition chief Margrethe Vestager is weighing up whether there are grounds to open a probe into Facebook’s European tax arrangements as she deepens her multinational investigation into sweetheart tax deals, two people close to the case said Wednesday.

Countries giving preferential tax deals to big companies — particularly in the tech sector — have been a European Commission priority since 2014, and Vestager ruled in 2016 that Ireland would have to claw back €13 billion in unpaid taxes from Apple. In a novel crackdown against tax avoidance, the EU has started to treat preferential tax arrangements as a form of state aid — essentially declaring that countries are giving illegal subsidies to businesses.

在别处

谷歌在大规模**后宣布新的***和骚扰规定

谷歌**的组织者取得了重大胜利，谷歌将不再要求对性骚扰指控进行仲裁。阿迪·罗伯逊：

One of Google’s key changes is making arbitration optional for individual sexual haras**ent and sexual assault claims, so employees could take misconduct claims to court instead of privately settling them. Pichai also promises to provide “more granularity” in internal reports about haras**ent at Google. Google will also update and expand its mandatory sexual haras**ent training, and it will start docking the performance review scores of employees who don’t complete the training.

为什么孩子们对YouTube的喜爱会让公司面临风险

道格·麦克米伦（Doug MacMillan）撰写了皮尤研究中心关于儿童和YouTube的最新数据：

Amid concern from children’s advocacy groups that the Google-owned video website is profiting from advertisements targeted at minors, the survey from the Pew Research Center shows that more than four out of five parents with children 11 and younger have given them permission to watch a YouTube video. More than one-third of those parents let their children watch videos on the site regularly, according to the results of the survey published Wednesday.

The survey also showed that the majority of parents whose children watch YouTube say their children have seen disturbing content on the site.

YouTube：我们在内容ID上投资了1亿美元，并向右翼人士支付了30多亿美元

YouTube发布了一些关于向版权作品所有者支付费用的新统计数据。保罗·索沃斯：

Arguably the most interesting figure from the company’s latest How Google Fights Piracy report relates to YouTube’s Content ID. Indeed, Google revealed that it has spent more than $100 million on the technology since its inception, including computing resources and staffing, up from $60 million two years ago.

And it has also now doled out more than $3 billion to rightsholders, up from “over $2 billion” in 2016 and $1 billion two years before that.

俄罗斯：现在每个使用短信应用程序的人都必须是可识别的

David Meyer报告称，俄罗斯正在迅速接近其监控所有公民通信的合理结论：

When someone signs up for a messaging service, the operator of that service will need to verify their registration data through their mobile operator.

The mobile operator will have all of 20 minutes to respond to each request for information and will have to record information about the messaging apps that each customer uses.

中国国营新闻社已经创建了一个“AI主播”来阅读新闻

中国国营的新华社说，它正在使用人工智能为其新闻广播创建“虚拟人工智能主播”。詹姆斯·文森特认为这…不太好：

The technology has its limitati***. In the videos above and below of the English-speaking anchor, it’s obvious that the range of facial expressi*** are limited, and the voice is clearly artificial. But machine learning research in this area is making swift improvements, and it’s not hard to imagine a future where AI anchors are indistinguishable from the real thing.

This will strike many as a disturbing prospect, especially as the technology is being deployed in China. There, the press is c***tantly censored, and it is nearly impossible to get clear reports of even widespread events like the country’s suppression of the Muslim Uighur community. Creating fake anchors to read propaganda sounds chilling.

微信覆盖100万个迷你程序，是苹果应用商店的一半

微信现在向其用户群提供100万个轻量级应用。下面是一个激发创造力的约束的有趣例子：

As their names imply, mini programs allow files up to only 2MB. They load faster than native apps — which means users may tend to reinstall them in the future — but they also compromise certain features, which could undermine user experience.

Of the hundreds of app verticals, games take up 28 percent of all mini programs, followed by life services and e-commerce, according to QuestMobile.

发射

Facebook门户评论：信任失败

丹·塞弗特（Dan Seifert）评论了今天开始销售的Facebook门户视频电话。他和其他评论员表示，该门户网站在视频通话的预期用途方面做得很好，但在其他方面，它做得不够，因此不值得购买，特别是考虑到隐私风险：

Facebook is saying all the right things about privacy, but I’m not sure that will be enough to convince the skeptics. There’s already been mixed messaging from Facebook on whether it will be able to use data from the Portal for advertising purposes, so people are right to be skeptical.

Beyond that, unless you are a heavy user of Facebook’s Messenger calling, the Portal doesn’t currently do enough to justify its existence.

购买门户网站？Facebook高管回答有关隐私的问题

Facebook硬件主管安德鲁·博斯沃思（Andrew Bosworth）为莎拉·弗里尔（Sarah Frier）提供了硬推销门户网站的机会。他说，这“不是一个数据收集操作”(很好的包装宣传语！）但它将用于广告目的：

“If there’s an ad-targeting cluster on Facebook for people interested in video calling, that might be a cluster that now I’m going to be a part of,” he said.

Facebook将其约会功能测试扩展到加拿大和泰国

在与你的Facebook约会对象见面之前，我建议你首先在Facebook门户网站上与你的潜在伴侣聊天？

任天堂Switch终于获得了一个YouTube应用程序

最后

从数据中心到人工智能，大型科技公司的支出激增（美元）

Facebook和谷歌正在疯狂建设数据中心和其他建筑Kevin McLaughlin报道：

Facebook and Alphabet, the parent company of Google, boosted their capital expenditures the most of any of their peers, more than doubling such investments during the first nine months of the year from the same period in 2017, according to an ****ysis by The Information. Microsoft and Intel also increased their spending significantly during the period. The growth is a sign that the biggest players in tech are sufficiently bullish on future growth opportunities that they are willing to plow cash from their booming businesses, along with savings from corporate tax cuts, into infrastructure.

拿

脸谱网的怀旧情绪毫无帮助

Shira Ovide对Facebook不断将其支持全球民主的努力与2012年成功构建移动应用程序的努力相比较感到恼火：

Facebook’s 2012 **artphone reboot was a cinch compared with its current challenges. Facebook now wants to protect electi*** around the world, weed out misinformation and encourage online behavior that unifies people. Nothing in Facebook’s history shows it’s up to this set of challenges.

The stakes are simply higher for Facebook today. This moment is different from the time when users initially revolted against Facebook’s news feed in 2006, or when people grumbled about a separate app for chats. And this time is different from Facebook’s reboot in resp***e to the **artphone threat. Facebook was right in those moments, but that doesn’t make it infallible.

用推特永久地攻击我的大脑

凯尔·拉塞尔（Kyle Russell）就是其中之一，他在Twitter.com上玩得很开心。他写下了他决定把今年读到的每一本书都发出去，以及由此发生的一切：

By framing my interaction on the platform around something I c***ider good for me, I’ve been able to have that rush compel me not toward starting fights but to deepen my understanding of the world and the history leading up to its current state. I can both see and feel the compounding of this effect: as the thread gets longer and the included books more diverse, I get more eyes on the entire thread with each new book, and more likes on all previous posts, and so I am rewarded for the new, latest book and all the work I’ve done so far. This effect is scary when it leads to the radicalization of someone giving into the effects of having outrageous, combative, misinformed behavior receive systemic incentivization, but it’s deeply appreciated when it’s simply keeping me from slowing down something I’m proud of and want to do more of despite my personal tendency toward procrastination and letting projects fall to the wayside as I focus on professional matters.

神奇的分权谬论

目前我最感兴趣的一个问题是，一个分散的社交网络，即la Mastodon，能否避免大型科技平台遇到的一些问题。例如，联邦化的内容调节策略可能更好地平衡语音和安全性。阿维夫·奥瓦迪亚（Aviv Ovadya）在这里写道，光靠权力下放不足以解决问题：

What decentralization does is re-distribute power. That can sometimes be exactly what is needed—but in other cases it can exacerbate the original problem! In the case of misinformation and haras**ent, it re-distributes power from platform governance—e.g. Facebook rules and algorithms; to “publishers”—in this case misinformers and harassers.

明天来

这是缅甸的报告。谷歌在中国。Facebook对***国的战争。互联网研究机构。还有提克托克！

最后。。。

69岁的荷兰男子“认定自己比自己年轻20岁”发起法律战以改变年龄

作为一个年轻人，我经常想知道男人在什么时候开始觉得不得不在***站上隐瞒或谎报自己的年龄。但即使是现在，我还没有达到我愿意起诉Tinder的阶段，以表明我比自己年轻二十岁。不过，小说、论据的要点是：

Emile Ratelband, 69, argues that if transgender people are allowed to change sex, he should be allowed to change his date of birth because doctors said he has the body of a 45-year-old.

我还有一具45岁的尸体。不幸的是，我38岁了。

跟我说

向我发送提示、评论、问题和明显伪造的视频：[email protected].