我的電腦如何知道安裝了哪種ram？

現代電腦做的事情太多了，我們都習以為常，但有時偷看一下引擎蓋下的東西，看看每件事是如何工作的，這是很有趣的。今天我們將調查您的計算機如何準確地知道您安裝了何種型別和數量的RAM。...

現代電腦做的事情太多了，我們都習以為常，但有時偷看一下引擎蓋下的東西，看看每件事是如何工作的，這是很有趣的。今天我們將調查您的計算機如何準確地知道您安裝了何種型別和數量的RAM。

今天的問答環節是由SuperUser提供的，SuperUser是Stack Exchange的一個分支，是一個由社群驅動的問答網站分組。

問題

超級使用者讀者Celeritas想知道他的電腦是如何即時檢測到記憶體的：

How can Mac OS X tell what kind of RAM is in the machine? For example I was working on one that had DDR3 RAM @ 1600MHz and I thought it wasn’t possible to know the RAM without physically opening the case and looking at it.How can this be done on other systems?

顯然，讓作業系統知道它可以訪問什麼型別的RAM是非常有用的，但是它透過什麼機制來確定這些資訊呢？

答案

SuperUser contributor UltraSawBlade提供了以下解釋：

RAM sticks have a **all chip on them called the Serial Presence Detect, which contains information such as capacity, preferred timings, manufacturer, and even a serial number.

SPD information is accessible by OSes using the i2c bus (which also includes things like temperature sensors). I think you can directly read the SPDs from Linux using various i2c utilities.

This image from the Wikipedia article has a good picture of it [seen above].

其他貢獻者提供了終端使用者自己訪問i2c資訊的方法。AthomSfere寫道：

On Windows:

wmic memoryChip get /?

Will give you various RAM information you can ask for right from the command prompt.

For example,

wmic memorychip get serialnumber

Gives you the serial number. You can also use Speed, Model sometimes, Manufacturer and more.

WMI is the Windows method of querying SMBIOS data. Apple, Linux, Windows and anyone else who wants to run on most hardware made needs to support SMBIOS at some level, for different reas***.

You can use SMBIOS (e.g. through WMI or WMIC in Windows) to also gather hard drive information, network information (is it a 10/100 or 10/100/1000 card?).

To take it one step further, every manufacturer has a code for MAC addresses on NICs. RAM also has a manufacturers code. So all you have to do to get their code, for example my 2 x2GB in this laptop are 830B, is build a database for the manufacturers (830B might be one brand and then resold too!) and also what models mean what. That is how CPUz works I believe—basic queries and a really complete and current database.

有關如何在Windows、Linux和osx機器**問此資訊的更多示例，請檢視此處的所有貢獻者響應。

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