主要种族差异(main difference ethnicity) vs. 文化(culture)

种族和文化都是社会学中有趣的话题。这两个方面在世界上几乎所有的社会都普遍存在。种族和文化之间的主要区别在于，种族是根据其祖先、文化或出生地社会的其他特殊特征划分的群体。另一方面，文化是一种解释特定社会特征的社会现象。然而，一个人在出生时可能同时继承一个种族和文化，他/她可以根据自己的意愿在晚年改变这些。这些不是僵化的社会价值观。在本文中，我们将详细讨论种族和文化之间的差异。

什么是种族(ethnicity)？

民族性是根据一个人的共同祖先、社会和文化身份、种族、语言、祖国等因素对他/她进行的识别。宗教、外貌、穿着方式、饮食模式等因素是一个人民族性的特征。一个民族可以由数千人组成，也可以只有五六个人。汉族被认为是现代世界上最大的民族。

Further, an ethnic group can be further categorized into clans or tribes. These might later form their own ethnicities, or some different ethnic groups might merge together  forming one ethnicity. This process is called, “ethno genesis.” Depending on the source of identity, several ethnic groups can be seen. Ethno-racial groups, ethno-religious groups, ethno-national groups, ethno-linguist groups are some of them. Moreover, it is possible for individuals to move from one ethnic group to another if there is acceptance from the latter.

什么是文化(culture)？

文化是反映特定社会特征的社会现象。文化由习惯、价值观、艺术、音乐、信仰、知识等领域组成，一个特定社会的几乎所有成员都具有这些文化特征。文化不是一种生物遗传现象；它是社会获得的。婴儿通过观察父母或其他成年人的行为获得文化特征。而且，文化不是一成不变的；它随着时间的推移而变化。一个特定社会的所有成员都会随着时间的推移为改变文化做出贡献。

The music, food, clothing patterns, lifestyles of a certain time period depends on the culture of that period or era. For example, the lifestyle during the ancient kings’ era, is totally different from the modern era. It is the cultural change that have prompted these changes. Though art, music, food, clothes, etc. are all material representati*** of culture, culture itself is a very abstract phenomenon. Culture shapes the behavior of individual members in a particular society, and it is the culture which brings diverse people together to form one unique community. An individual can also shift from one culture to another as his/her will. When people travel, they invariably acquire different cultural traits of different communities.

种族(ethnicity)和文化(culture)的区别

定义

种族是根据一个人的共同祖先、社会和文化身份、语言、种族、祖国等对他/她进行的分类

文化是特定社会的特殊特征的表现。

识别

我们可以根据一个人的外貌、信仰和习俗来确定他的种族身份。

我们不能根据外表来区分一个人的文化。文化主要表现在物质上。

继承

种族是生物遗传的。

文化是社会习得的。

流动性

如果两个民族都接受，民族流动是可能的。

Culture is very dynamic, and anybody can acquire others’ cultural traits.