贵族的主要区别(main difference aristocracy) vs. 寡头政治(oligarchy)

Aristocracy and oligarchy are two type of government systems where the society is ruled by a few people. Although these two systems share some similarities, there is a difference based on the ruling party. Aristocracy is a form of government where power is held by the nobility whereas oligarchy is a form of government where power is held by a **all group of people. This is the main difference between aristocracy and oligarchy.

什么是贵族(aristocracy)？

贵族来自拉丁语亚里士多德í意思是最好的规则。正如其词源所示，贵族的概念最早出现在古希腊，它指的是由最合格的公民统治。与君主制相比，贵族制是一种有利的统治形式。直到后来的几个世纪（中世纪），贵族才开始被一个特权群体——贵族阶级——称为统治。

In earlier times, it was believed that moral and intellectual superiority gets passed down from through family lines. This is why the power was vested in one class of people; the leadership qualities and other morals were supposed to be inherited by those in the noble families. Therefore, they were c***idered to be fit to rule. Greek cities of Sparta and Athens used the system of aristocracy and members of the royal lineage, who were called ‘Eupatridae‘ held the ruling power. However, aristocracy has often been contrasted with democracy since the French Revolution.

什么是寡头政治(oligarchy)？

寡头政治的字面意思是少数人统治。它是一种权力由少数人掌握的**。这些人通常比其他人更有权势和财富。他们可能以皇室、财富、教育、公司、宗教或军事控制来区分。

Aristotle said that “oligarchy is when men of property have the government in their hands… wherever men rule by reason of their wealth, whether they be few or many, that is an oligarchy” Oligarchy has always been associated with tyranny and oppression.

贵族(aristocracy)和寡头政治(oligarchy)的区别

起源

贵族：贵族源自亚里士多德í意思是最好的规则。

寡头政治：寡头政治源于寡头统治。

定义

贵族：贵族是指权力由贵族掌握的权力结构。

寡头政治：寡头政治是指权力由一小部分人掌握的权力结构。

继承

贵族：统治的权威和权力可以从家族传下来。

寡头政治：继承不是必要条件。

与

贵族：贵族与君主制形成了鲜明的对比。

寡头政治：寡头政治与暴政和压迫有关。

Image Courtesy: 

“Polish magnates 1576-1586” By Jan Matejko – (Public Domain) via Comm*** Wikimedia 

“图像2”（公共领域）通过Pixbay