2014年9月20日，英国演员兼联合国妇女亲善大使艾玛·沃森（Emma Watson）就性别不平等以及如何应对这一问题发表了一场聪明、重要、感人的演讲。在这样做的过程中，她发起了HeForShe倡议，该倡议旨在让男性和男孩加入女权主义者争取两性平等的斗争。沃森在演讲中提出了一个重要观点，即为了实现两性平等，必须改变对男子气概的有害和破坏性的定型观念以及对男孩和男人的行为期望。

传记

艾玛·沃森是英国女演员和模特，生于1990年，她因在八部哈利·波特电影中饰演赫敏·格兰杰10年而闻名。她出生于法国巴黎，有一对现已离婚的英国律师。据报道，她在八部哈利波特电影中扮演格兰杰，赚了6000万美元。

沃森六岁开始上表演课，九岁时入选2001年的《哈利波特》剧组。她就读于牛津大学的龙学院，然后是海丁顿私立女子学校。最终，她在美国布朗大学获得了英国文学学士学位。

沃森多年来一直积极参与人道主义事业，致力于促进公平贸易和有机服装，并担任非洲农村女童教育运动Camfed International的大使。

名人女权主义

沃森是几位利用自己的高姿态将女权问题推向公众视线的艺术界女性之一。名单包括詹妮弗·劳伦斯、帕特丽夏·阿奎特、罗斯·麦高文、安妮·伦诺克斯、碧昂丝、卡门·莫拉、泰勒·斯威夫特、莉娜·邓纳姆、凯蒂·佩里、凯利·克拉克森、Lady Gaga和肖琳·伍德利，尽管有些人拒绝自称为“女权主义者”

这些妇女因其所担任的职务而受到赞扬和批评；“名人女权主义者”一词有时被用来诋毁他们的资历或质疑他们的真实性，但毫无疑问，他们的不同事业的冠军让公众了解了无数问题。

联合国和赫弗什

2014年，沃森被联合国任命为联合国女性亲善大使，该项目积极邀请艺术和体育领域的知名人士参与，以推动联合国项目。她的职责是为联合国妇女两性平等运动HeForShe做一名倡导者。

HeForShe由联合国的伊丽莎白·尼亚马亚罗（Elizabeth Nyamayaro）领导，在普姆齐勒·姆兰博·恩古卡（Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka）的指导下，是一个致力于提高妇女地位、邀请世界各地的男人和男孩与妇女和女孩团结一致的项目，这使两性平等成为现实。

在联合国的演讲是她作为联合国妇女亲善大使的官方角色的一部分。以下是她13分钟演讲的全文；然后是对演讲接受情况的讨论。

艾玛·沃森在联合国的演讲。

Today we are launching a campaign called HeForShe. I am reaching out to you because we need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change. And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that it’s tangible. I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago. And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes. I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings. I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even. Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men. But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to see these rights. No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality. These rights, I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones. My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today. They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are changing the world today. And we need more of those. And if you still hate the word, it is not the word that is important. It’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have received the same rights I have. In fact, statistically, very few have. In 1995, Hillary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadly, many of the things that she wanted to change are still true today. But what stood out for me the most was that less than thirty percent of the audience were male. How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men, I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue, too. Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society, despite my need of his presence as a child, as much as my mother’s. I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness, unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less of a man. In fact, in the UK, suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20 to 49, eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease. I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success. Men don’t have the benefits of equality, either. We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes, but I can see that they are, and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence. If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be strong. It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum, instead of two sets of opposing ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not, and start defining ourselves by who we are, we can all be freer, and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom. I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters, and mothers can be free from prejudice, but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned, and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves. You might be thinking, “Who is this Harry Potter girl, and what is she doing speaking at the UN?” And, it’s a really good question. I’ve been asking myself the same thing. All I know is that I care about this problem, and I want to make it better. And, having seen what I’ve seen, and given the chance, I feel it is my responsibility to say something. Statesman Edmund Burke said, “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.” In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt, I told myself firmly, “If not me, who? If not now, when?” If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you, I hope those words will be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing, it will take seventy-five years, or for me to be nearly 100 before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls will be able to receive a secondary education. If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists that I spoke of earlier, and for this, I applaud you. We are struggling for a uniting word, but the good news is, we have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I invite you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself, “If not me, who? If not now, when?” Thank you very, very much.

接待

大多数公众对沃森演讲的反应都是积极的：联合国总部的观众起立热烈鼓掌；乔安娜·罗宾逊在《名利场》上撰文称这篇演讲“激情澎湃”；菲尔·普拉特在《石板》上撰文称之为“惊人”。一些人积极地将沃森的演讲与希拉里·克林顿20年前在联合国的演讲进行了比较。

其他媒体的报道则不那么积极。罗克珊·盖伊（Roxane Gay）在《卫报》（Guardian）上撰文，表达了她对女性要求男性已经拥有的权利的想法感到沮丧，这种想法只有在“以正确的包装：一种特殊的美貌、名望和/或自嘲的幽默品牌”交付时才有销路。她说，女权主义不应该是需要诱人的营销活动的东西。

朱莉娅·祖尔沃在半岛电视台撰文，她想知道为什么联合国选择了一个“外国的、遥远的人物”作为世界妇女的代表。

Maria Jose Gámez Fuentes及其同事认为，沃森演讲中表达的HeForShe运动是一种创新性的尝试，旨在与许多女性的经历联系起来，而不是专注于创伤。然而，赫弗什运动要求掌权者采取行动。学者们说，这否定了女性作为暴力、不平等和压迫的主体的能动性，相反，男性有能力恢复这种能动性的缺失，赋予女性权力并给予她们自由。消除性别不平等的意愿取决于男性的意愿，这不是传统的女权主义原则。

梅托运动

然而，所有这些负面反应都发生在“梅托运动”和唐纳德·特朗普当选之前，当然沃森的演讲也是如此。有一些迹象表明，由于公开批评以及在许多情况下因为滥用权力而导致权势人物倒台，世界各地的女权主义者都感到焕然一新。2017年3月，沃森与bell hooks会面并讨论了性别平等问题，bell hooks是20世纪60年代以来女权运动的有力标志。

正如艾丽丝·康沃尔所说，“共同的愤怒可以提供一个强大的联系和团结的基础，可以跨越可能分裂我们的分歧。”正如艾玛·沃森所说，“如果不是我，谁？如果不是现在，什么时候？”

其他参考资料

• 布雷迪，安妮塔。“在G字串变化之间花时间教育自己：辛纳德·奥康纳、米莉·塞勒斯和名人女权主义”，《女权主义媒体研究》16.3（2016）：429-44。印刷品。
• 康沃尔，安德里亚。“脱下国际发展的性别外衣”，《布朗世界事务杂志》21.1（2014-2015）：127-39。印刷品。
• 加梅斯·富恩特斯、玛丽亚·何塞、艾玛·戈梅斯·尼科洛和丽贝卡·马斯达·加西亚。“名人、基于性别的暴力和妇女权利：朝向承认框架的转变”，《拉丁社会评论》，71（2016）：833-52。印刷品。
• 盖伊，罗克珊。“艾玛·沃森？詹妮弗·劳伦斯？他们不是你要找的女权主义者”，《卫报》2014年10月14日。网站，2018年2月16日访问。
• 哈马德、汉娜和安西娅·泰勒。“导论：女权主义和当代名人文化”，《名人研究》6.1（2015）：124-27。印刷品。
• 肯纳利，亚历山大。“#激进主义：推特上的身份、联系和政治话语制定”，《杨梅评论》6.1（2015）。印刷品。
• 麦克唐纳德，菲奥娜。“推倒政治科学的墙：捍卫扩张主义女权主义议程”，《加拿大政治科学杂志》50.2（2017）：411-26。印刷品。
• 马托斯，朱莉。“公共演讲中的妇女权利：女性主义修辞批评”，《座谈会》第11期（2015）：1-22页。印刷品。
• 编辫子，菲尔。“我和艾玛·沃森站在一起”，2014年9月23日。网站，2018年2月16日访问。
• 罗滕伯格，凯瑟琳。“新自由主义女权主义与人力资本的未来”，《标志：文化与社会中的女性杂志》42.2（2017）：329-48。印刷品。
• 祖尔弗，朱莉娅。半岛电视台2014年9月24日报道：“艾玛·沃森是这份工作的合适人选吗？”。网站，2018年2月16日访问。