如何用“and”或“but”开头一句话(begin a sentence with 'and' or 'but')
根据《美国传统词典》第四版中的一条用法说明，“但可用于不同风格的句子开头。”在“国王英语”中，金斯利·艾米斯说“一句话甚至一段话都不能开头的想法是一种空洞的迷信。但情况也一样。事实上，任何一个词都能对即将发生的事情发出不可磨灭的预警。”
哈佛大学修辞学家亚当斯·谢尔曼·希尔（Adams Sherman Hill）在一个多世纪前也提出了同样的观点：“有时反对在句子开头使用but或and；但对于这一点，有很多很好的用法”（修辞原则，1896年）。事实上，至少早在10世纪，以连词开头的句子就已经很普遍了。
使用神话依然存在
尽管如此，这个神话仍然坚持认为and应该只用于连接句子中的元素，而不是将一个句子连接到另一个句子。例如，最近在一位英语教授的“作文备忘单”上发现了一条法令：
Never begin a sentence with a conjunction of any kind, especially one of the FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so ).顺便说一句，同样的小题大做也禁止了不定式的分裂——另一个持久的语法神话。
但至少这位教授有好朋友。威廉·肖恩（William Shawn）是《纽约客》杂志的长期编辑，在职业生涯早期，他喜欢将句子的首字母but转换成howevers。正如本·雅戈达（Ben Yagoda）在《当你抓住一个形容词时，杀死它》一书中所报道的那样，肖恩的习惯激发了该杂志的一位作家圣克莱尔·麦克尔韦（St.Clair McKelway）撰写了这篇“慷慨激昂的辩护”，但：
If you are trying for an effect which comes from having built up a small pile of pleasant possibilities which you then want to push over as quickly as possible, dashing the reader's hopes that he is going to get out of a nasty situation as easily as you have intentionally led him to believe, you have got to use the word "but" and it is usually more effective if you begin the sentence with it. "But love is tricky" means one thing, and "however, love is tricky" means another — or at least gives the reader a different sensation. "However" indicates a philosophical sigh; "but" presents an insuperable obstacle. . . . "But," when used as I used it in these two places, is, as a matter of fact, a wonderful word. In three letters it says a little of "however," and also "be that as it may," and also "here's something you weren't expecting" and a number of other phrases along that line. There is no substitute for it. It is short and ugly and common. But I love it.了解你的听众
尽管如此，并不是每个人都喜欢最初的但。《作家要诀》的作者指出，“有些读者在学术论文中看到或开始一个句子时可能会扬起眉毛，特别是如果这种情况经常发生的话。”因此，如果你不想看到人们扬起眉毛，就在句子开始时定量使用这些词。
但无论如何，不要为了我们的缘故开始写你的“和”和“但是”。
- 发表于 2021-09-28 16:23
- 阅读 ( 246 )
- 分类：语言
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