在学术写作时,最好引用已发表的材料,如同行评议期刊的文章和可信作者的书籍。然而,有时教授的课程材料或个人专业知识可能会以独特或尖锐的方式添加到文章中。
教授提供的未发表的信息,如在个人或课堂讨论或信函中,应与以下信息一起引用:
例如:马科维奇、丽塔。私人信件。2013年2月2日。太太
通过电子邮件提供的信息应引用如下内容:
例如:西尔弗金、凯特琳。“关于作业3的澄清”,给沃恩·马斯特斯的信息。2012年11月10日。电子邮件
与所有其他标准MLA文本引用一样,文本引用将使用引用作品条目开头包含的名称。
教授在个人交流、课堂讨论、备忘录、信函、电子邮件或其他未发表的通信中提供的信息只能在文件文本中引用,而不能在参考资料页上引用。引文应注明教授的姓名、短语“个人交流”以及交流的确切日期。
例如,此扩展的文本引用将显示为:
(K.Morris,《个人通讯》,2012年11月30日)
如果教授发表正式演讲,而不仅仅是课堂演讲,它将被引用为演讲。要引用正式地址,请包括以下信息:
例如:Romero,G.(2007年11月15日)。我们内心的怪物:作为隐喻的现代美国僵尸电影。地址在芝加哥大学,芝加哥,IL。
本例作为文内引用,如下所示:
(罗梅罗,2007年)
如果教授在网上发布课程笔记等材料,则会采用非常标准的引文格式:
例如:Radu,C.(2013年3月28日)。有风格地引用[课堂讲稿]。从http://www.stateuniversity.edu/radu_ENGL111_APA
...分,以下是你应该写下你教授所说的话的信号:Anytime the professor says, "You need to know this," or "This will be on the test." Duh.Anytime the professor repeats himself.Anything the professor writes on the board or includes in a Powerpoint slide.Anything the professor repeats ver...
主要差异讲师(main difference lecturer) vs. 教授(professor) 讲师和教授都是教育领域受人尊敬的学者。他们在大学或类似的高等或高等教育机构工作。讲师是一个在学术生涯开始的人,而教授是大学里最高的学术等级。讲师和教授的主...
...on my schoolwork. I understand now that I should have communicated with my professors (instead of avoiding them), or even taken a leave of absence. I thought I could handle all of these burdens, and I tried my best, but I was wrong. I love Ivy University, and it would mean so much to me to gradu...
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...st two years so I don't have the opportunity to meet with any of my former professors in person and to be honest I never really cultivated a deep relationship with any of them. I want to send an email to my former academic major adviser to see if she can write a letter for me. I knew her through all...