词语的原意往往会随着时间的推移而改变,有时会与它们的原意完全相反。如果一个20世纪70年代的人被问到他是如何在授权和支持之间划清界限的,他可能会有一种极度困惑的感觉。这两个词原本有着非常相似的含义,但媒体心理学家和自助运动的流行使得“使能”一词在很大程度上被认为是负面的。从消极的角度来说,使某人成为可能是指鼓励或未能阻止某人以自我毁灭或不健康的方式行事的行为。与此相反,“支持”一词保留了其原意,即帮助或鼓励一个人实现一个有价值的目标。。
事实上,一个人可以以积极的方式帮助另一个人。例如,父母可以贷款给孩子,从而使他能够上大学。朋友或榜样的善良可能会使人受到鼓舞并帮助他人。这些积极的推动者将支持他们的孩子或朋友接受教育或过上更幸福的生活。在这样的例子中,启用者和支持者之间没有界限,因为它们实际上是相同的东西。
在现代心理学的词汇中,使能和支持之间存在着巨大的差异。如果一个已婚的个人仅仅资助他配偶的酗酒、赌博或吸毒,他可以被视为一个推动者。如果他暗示他的配偶有问题,并提供帮助或安排咨询,那么他将提供支持。在这种情况下,成为使能者和支持者之间的区别显而易见,但很多时候,当一个人的行为不太清楚时,就会出现这样的情况。。
经常涉及的人员、地点、行动或事件定义了启用和支持之间的界限。也许一个人希望尝试挽救一段关系,即使它本质上是虐待。如果一个人鼓励这样的课程,知道这个人有一个寻找虐待性伴侣的长期模式,他将促成一个消极的行为。另一方面,如果有人指出这种模式并提供帮助解决它,他的行动将被视为支持。从一个非常真实的意义上讲,在支持和支持之间划清界限就是承认和忽视任何特定情况的现实之间的区别。。
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