什么是马雷瓦禁令？(the mareva injunction?)
Mareva禁令是一种法院命令，在英联邦国家可以用来冻结民事案件中被告的资产，如果认为被告可能试图转移或隐藏资产。这样做的目的是为了在案件判决前控制资产，以防止出现被告转移资产以逃避支付赔偿的情况。因为它们会给被告带来困难，所以Mareva禁令只在明显需要这种法院命令的情况下才会被授予。
1975年的Mareva Compania Naviera SA诉International Bulk Carriers SA案是Mareva禁令的基础。也被称为冻结禁令或冻结令，Mareva禁令可以单方面授予。这意味着只有一方需要提出请求，法官可以在不通知另一方的情况下发布法院命令。在Mareva禁令的情况下，通知另一方可能提供足够的警告，以便在禁令通过之前转移资产。
如果原告注意到值得冻结被告资产的情况，这种类型的法院命令可以在审判前或在审判期间授予。为了获得Mareva禁令，原告必须证明有合理的可能性，被告可能会将资产转移到无法触及的地方。支持该主张的证据被带到法庭，由法官审查。如果法官同意，就可以发出Mareva禁令。
该禁令在案件判决前一直有效。如果案件被裁定为有利于被告，冻结就会被解除。如果原告在诉讼中获胜，将发出损害赔偿的法院命令。有了可执行的法院命令，原告可以收回损失，剩余资产将被释放给被告。
1976年，一个类似的法律案件涉及英联邦国家在没有警告的情况下扣押证据的问题。与Mareva禁令一样，在认为警告可以为销毁证据提供足够时间的情况下，可以颁发Anton Piller令。由于保存证据对调查和起诉案件至关重要，执法官员更愿意避免在收集证据之前损坏或销毁证据的情况。有了安东-皮勒令，执法部门可以在没有警告的情况下进行搜查和扣押，让人措手不及。
- 发表于 2022-02-17 23:57
- 阅读 ( 136 )
- 分类：法律
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