介绍

呼吸让我们活着。人体与环境之间的氧和二氧化碳交换是生命最基本的过程之一。负责这一过程的肺更容易受到疾病、感染等的影响。每次发生这种情况，卫生保健专业人员都必须做一次彻底的肺部检查，以便能够评估和诊断肺部疾病的特**。这是非常必要的，以了解适当的治疗或治疗疾病。

肺部检查

肺部检查包括四个部分：检查、叩诊、触诊和听诊。检查部分主要包括观察呼吸运动。只要观察病人的呼吸频率、呼吸模式以及肺扩张的深度和对称性，就可以收集到许多有关呼吸状况的重要信息。

通过触诊可以收集更多的信息。肺扩张对称性的触诊证实了检查所观察到的结果。此外，触诊由传至胸壁的语音产生的振动可能表明存在或不存在对称的触觉性雀斑。另一方面，敲击有助于评估胸壁下组织的共振或迟钝。共振是一个正常的发现，在打击的基础上充满空气的肺。另一个在肺部检查中非常重要的部分是肺部听诊。

肺听诊

肺部听诊包括使用听诊器和听两个肺野。检查者听诊呼吸音的质量和强度，并倾听是否存在其他可能表明异常发现的不确定声音。正常的呼吸音被称为水泡音，与呼气音相比，吸气声更大、更长。有不同的不定音表示不同的肺部问题。但是有两种不正常的呼吸音，通常会相互混淆。这些是罗音和罗氏音，它们可能表示肺部有问题，但了解两者之间的区别将有助于你区分这些呼吸音所表示的具体疾病。那么朗奇和罗音有什么区别呢？继续读下去。

罗音

拉尔斯是一个法语单词，意思是“嘎嘎声”，俗称“嘎嘎声”。当肺泡和小气道在呼吸过程中打开和关闭时，会产生这种不定的呼吸音，在吸气时更为明显。空气通过液体或潮湿的气道可能看起来是连续的，但如果你听诊正确，你实际上可能会听到几个离散的声音。根据空气通过不同通道时产生的声音和渗出物的类型，罗音大致分为3类。以下是：

• Fine Rales Fine rales are commonly heard among clients with underlying respiratory disease. It is also known as “crepitant rales”. These are fine delicate sounds like the sound produced when few hair strands are rubbed together – crackling. They occur in the **all passageways, the alveoli and the bronchioles and are more prominent at the end of inspiration and are not usually cleared through coughing.

• Medium Rales Medium rales occurs in the large passages of bronchioles and **all bronchi. They sound like the “fizz” from the recently opened carbonated drinks.

• Coarse Rales Coarse rales are heard over the large airways of the trachea and the bronchi. They are relatively loud, bubbling and gurgling sounds. They clear partially during coughing and frequent heard from patients who have negative cough reflex thus allowing thick secreti*** to accumulate in the trachea and the bronchi. Coarse rales are auscultated among dying patients that’s why it is also called “the death rattle”.

朗奇

Rhochi是在气道中有一种自由液体时产生的声音。移动空气与产生高或低音调振动声之间的相互作用。这种不定的呼吸声是产生的，无论是渗出、痉挛或炎症。这些声音在呼吸的两个阶段都存在，但在呼气期间更为突出。根据他们的音高，这分为两类。

• Sibilant Rhonchi Sibilant rhonchi are high-pitched vibratory sounds produce in the **aller bronchi and bronchioles. It is wheezing or squeaking in character auscultated more during forced expiration.

• Sonorous Rhonchi Sonorous rhonchi are low-pitched vibratory sounds that are produce in the large passages of the trachea and the bronchi. It is snoring or moaning in character and are usually classified by clinicians as coarse rales or vice versa. They can be partly cleared by expectoration of secreti*** through coughing.

这些和更多的不定声音在诊断和治疗过程中具有巨大的临床意义。适当的肺检查和随后有关呼吸音差异的知识可以导致适当的医疗管理，帮助患者呼吸系统疾病。