在作文中，使用问题解决方案格式是一种通过识别问题并提出一个或多个解决方案来分析和撰写主题的方法。解决问题的文章是一种论点。“这类文章涉及论证，因为作者试图说服读者采取特定的行动。在解释问题时，可能还需要说服读者具体原因”（Dave Kemper等人，“融合：综合阅读和写作”，2016）。

论文陈述

在许多类型的报告写作中，论文陈述在一句话中放在前面和中间。作者德里克·索莱斯（Derek Soles）写道，问题解决论文中的论文陈述与直接的“调查结果报告”类型的文本有何不同：

"[One] expository mode is the problem-solution essay, topics for which are typically framed in the form of questions. Why did fourth-graders from poor families score low on a nationwide math test, and how can educators improve math education for this group? Why is Iran a threat to our national security, and how can we reduce this threat? Why did it take the Democratic Party so long to select a candidate for the 2008 presidential election, and what can the party do to make the process more efficient in the future? These essays have two parts: a full explanation of the nature of the problem, followed by an analysis of solutions and their likelihood of success." ("The Essentials of Academic Writing," 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2010)

读者在阅读论文之前需要额外的语境，但这并不是说论文必须在引言中作为问题提出：

"In a problem-solution essay, the thesis statement usually proposes the solution. Because readers must first understand the problem, the thesis statement usually comes after a description of the problem. The thesis statement does not have to give details about the solution. Instead, it summarizes the solution. It should also lead naturally to the body of the essay, preparing your reader for a discussion of how your solution would work." (Dorothy Zemach and Lynn Stafford-Yilmaz, "Writers at Work: The Essay." Cambridge University Press, 2008)

样本介绍

在写作之前查看完整的示例，以便检查一篇有效的文章是什么。在提出主题之前，看看这些介绍如何提供一些上下文，并自然地引导到正文段落中，其中将列出证据。你可以想象作者是如何组织这篇文章的其余部分的。

"We buried my cousin last summer. He was 32 when he hanged himself from a closet coat rack in the throes of alcoholism, the fourth of my blood relatives to die prematurely from this deadly disease. If America issued drinking licenses, those four men—including my father, who died at 54 of liver failure—might be alive today." (Mike Brake, "Needed: A License to Drink." Newsweek, March 13, 1994) "America is suffering from overwork. Too many of us are too busy, trying to squeeze more into each day while having less to show for it. Although our growing time crunch is often portrayed as a personal dilemma, it is, in fact, a major social problem that has reached crisis proportions over the past twenty years." (Barbara Brandt, "Whole Life Economics: Revaluing Daily Life." New Society, 1995) "The modern-day apartment dweller is faced with a most annoying problem: paper-thin walls and sound-amplifying ceilings. To live with this problem is to live with the invasion of privacy. There is nothing more distracting than to hear your neighbors' every function. Although the source of the noise cannot be eliminated, the problem can be solved." (Maria B. Dunn, "One Man's Ceiling Is Another Man's Floor: The Problem of Noise")

组织

在“段落：作者指南”中，将解释如何组织问题解决方案论文：

"Though to some extent [your organization of the paper] depends on your topic, do make sure that you include the following information: Introduction: Identify the problem in a nutshell. Explain why this is a problem, and mention who should be concerned about it. Problem Paragraph(s): Explain the problem clearly and specifically. Demonstrate that this is not just a personal complaint, but a genuine problem that affects many people. "Solution Paragraph(s): Offer a concrete solution to the problem, and explain why this is the best one available. You may want to point out why other possible solutions are inferior to yours. If your solution calls for a series of steps or actions to be followed, present these steps in a logical order. "Conclusion: Reemphasize the importance of the problem and the value of your solution. Choose a problem that you have experienced and thought about—one that you have solved or are in the process of solving. Then, in the essay itself, you may use your own experience to illustrate the problem. However, don't focus all the attention on yourself and on your troubles. Instead, direct the essay at others who are experiencing a similar problem. In other words, don't write an I essay ('How I Cure the Blues'); write a you essay ('How You Can Cure the Blues')." (Richard Nordquist, Passages: A Writer's Guide, 3rd ed. St. Martin's Press, 1995)