[苏美尔时间表]

公元前3世纪末。

Babylon exists as a city. Shamshi-Adad I (1813 - 1781 B.C.), an Amorite, has power in northern Mesopotamia, from the Euphrates River to the Zagros Mountains.

公元前18世纪上半叶。

公元前1792-1750年。

Collapse of Shamshi-Adad's kingdom after his death. Hammurabi incorporates all of southern Mesopotamia into the kingdom of Babylon.

公元前1749-1712年。

Hammurabi's son Samsuiluna rules. The course of the Euphrates River shifts for unclear reasons at this time.

1595

Hittite king Mursilis I sacks Babylon. Sealand Dynasty kings appear to rule Babylonia after the Hittite raid. Almost noting is known of Babylonia for 150 years after the raid.

卡斯特期

公元前15世纪中期。

The non-Mesopotamian Kassites take power in Babylonia and re-establish Babylonia as the power in the southern Mesopotamian area. Kassite-controlled Babylonia lasts (with a short break) for about 3 centuries. It is a time of literature and canal building. Nippur is rebuilt.

公元前14世纪早期。

Kurigalzu I builds Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf), near modern Baghdad probably to defend Babylonia from northern invaders. There are 4 major world powers, Egypt, Mitanni, Hittite, and Babylonia. Babylonian is the international language of diplomacy.

14世纪中叶

Assyria emerges as a major power under Ashur-uballit I (1363 - 1328 B.C.).

1220年代

Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) atttacks Babylonia and takes the throne in 1224. Kassites eventually depose him, but damage has been done to the irrigation system.

12世纪中叶

Elamites and Assyrians attack Babylonia. An Elamite, Kutir-Nahhunte, captures the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi (1157 - 1155 B.C.).

公元前1125-1104年。

Nebuchadrezzar I rules Babylonia and retakes the statue of Marduk the Elamites had taken to Susa.

公元前1114-1076年。

Assyrians under Tiglathpileser I sack Babylon.

11-9世纪

Aramaean and Chaldean tribes migrate and settle in Babylonia.

9世纪中期至7世纪末

Assyria increasingly dominates Babylonia. Assyrian king Sennacherib (704 - 681 B.C.) destroys Babylon. Sennacherib's son Esarhaddon (680 - 669 B.C.) rebuilds Babylon. His son Shamash-shuma-ukin (667 - 648 B.C.), takes the Babylonian throne. Nabopolassar (625 - 605 B.C.) gets rid of the Assyrians and then strikes against the Assyrians in a coalition with Medes in campaigns from 615 - 609.

新巴比伦王国

Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadrezzar II (604 - 562 B.C.) rule the western part of the Assyrian Empire. Nebuchadrezzar II conquers Jerusalem in 597 and destroys it in 586. Babylonians renovate Babylon to suit the capital city of an empire, including 3 square miles enclosed in city walls. When Nebuchadnezzar dies, his son, son-in-law, and grandson assume the throne in rapid succession. Assassins next give the throne to Nabonidus (555 - 539 B.C.). Cyrus II (559 - 530) of Persia takes Babylonia. Babylonia is no longer independent.

资料来源：

詹姆斯·A·阿姆斯特朗《美索不达米亚》——牛津考古同伴。布莱恩·法根主编，牛津大学出版社，1996年。牛津大学出版社。