什么是连接机？(the connection machine?)
连接机是一台拥有数千台相互连接的计算机的超级计算机。它的设计允许科学家至少部分模拟人脑中的过程。通过并行计算，连接机实现了人工智能。其中一些领域包括人脸和其他图形识别，在医学和密码学等各个领域解决复杂问题的应用，以及敏感文档的编码和解码。
1981年，Danny Hillis写下了连接机架构的第一个描述。他是麻省理工学院的学生，在麻省理工学院人工智能实验室工作。20世纪70年代末，人类认知研究（包括人类思维方式的研究）使得有必要寻求超越所谓顺序计算机的处理能力。1983年，丹尼·希利斯（Danny Hillis）还帮助成立了思维机器公司，连接机器CM-1、CM-2和CM-5分别于1985年、1987年和1993年在该公司制造。
连接机使用快速并行处理器。当一台连接机器收到一个输入时，例如一张用于识别的人脸图片，它将识别任务委托给数千台计算机的层次结构。这类似于首席执行官通过授权给一小群人来执行庞大而复杂的任务，然后这些人再进一步授权给一组人，以此类推。因此，一个巨大的任务是由“并行行动”的个体在相对较短的时间内完成的，类似于连接机器中的并行处理器。
家庭计算机是并行处理能力有限的顺序计算机。例如，家用计算机中的图形处理器是并行处理器，可以防止主处理器的速度减慢，从而可以与用户实时交互。全序列计算机根据程序员对问题解决方案的解释一次执行一条指令。家用计算机适用于相对简单的应用，这些应用不需要在时间压力下进行非常复杂的处理，也不具备执行连接机功能的能力。
根据处理器速度、数据字大小和体系结构，有各种类型的计算机。处理器速度通常以每秒周期为单位，其中处理器计时或计时，有时它被描述为每秒浮点指令数。数据字大小是处理器在一条机器指令中能够处理的位数，对于较大的计算机，通常为32、64或128位或更多。体系结构是处理器和计算机部分相互连接的方式。有简单的并行计算机和大规模并行计算机，如连接机。
- 发表于 2021-12-15 10:07
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- 分类：互联网
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