在反垄断听证会之前’今天晚些时候，苹果、谷歌、亚马逊和Facebook的首席执行官们的开场白将在众议院司法委员会上公布’的网站。这些声明的篇幅从四到八页不等，让我们最清楚地看到蒂姆·库克、桑德尔·皮查伊、杰夫·贝佐斯和马克·扎克伯格计划如何保护自己的公司免受这一波最新的反垄断审查，并指责他们的一些行为损害了消费者和扼杀了竞争。

这四种说法有很多相似之处，你可以在这里通读它们：

• 苹果的蒂姆库克
• 谷歌的Sundar Pichai
• 亚马逊的杰夫·贝佐斯
• Facebook的马克·扎克伯格

例如，他们都呼吁美国的爱国主义（贝佐斯声称，世界上其他国家甚至都会喜欢我们在美国喝一小口的长生不老药），并谈论他们的产品给消费者以及小企业带来的好处。这四家公司都坚持认为，与人们普遍认为的相反，它们确实面临着激烈的竞争，而且它们的成功远没有保证。

以下是首席执行官们在开场白中的主要观点：

大家：我们面临着激烈的竞争

每一位首席执行官的一个重要观点是，尽管他们明显占据主导地位，但他们都面临着多大的竞争。例如，杰夫·贝佐斯（Jeff Bezos）指出，亚马逊的业务在美国零售市场中所占份额不到4%，它正日益面临来自沃尔玛（Walmart）和塔吉特（Target）等老牌竞争对手的竞争，后者提供的服务是亚马逊无法与之竞争的。

“Walmart’s online sales grew 74% in the first quarter. And customers are increasingly flocking to services invented by other stores that Amazon still can’t match at the scale of other large companies, like curbside pickup and in-store returns.”

以下是苹果公司的蒂姆•库克（Tim Cook），他谈到了自己面临的来自Android厂商的竞争：

“The **artphone market is fiercely competitive, and companies like Samsung, LG, Huawei and Google have built very successful **artphone businesses offering different approaches.

Apple does not have a dominant market share in any market where we do business. That is not just true for iPhone; it is true for any product category.”

圣达皮查伊’考虑到谷歌的垄断地位，谷歌对其面临的竞争的辩护尤为有趣’人们普遍认为它在网上搜索中有着重要的作用。

“People have more ways to search for information than ever before — and increasingly this is happening outside the context of only a search engine. Often the answer is just a click or an app away: You can ask Alexa a question from your kitchen; read your news on Twitter; ask friends for information via WhatsApp; and get recommendati*** on Snapchat or Pinterest. When searching for products online, you may be visiting Amazon, eBay, Walmart, or any one of a number of e-commerce providers, where most online shopping queries happen.”

皮查伊还指出，谷歌在数字广告市场面临竞争，不过没有特别提到Facebook。扎克伯格也声称，Facebook面临着竞争，包括来自国际竞争的竞争，“这些竞争能够进入我们不在的市场”

所有：我们的产品是有用的和喜爱的

从根本上说，这四位首席执行官都写道，他们公司提供的产品不仅对消费者有用（当然不会有害），而且对其他企业也有用。

例如，Tim Cook指出，在客户调查中，iPhone的满意度为99%，而且公司在开发工具方面的投资也非常有限“不仅功能强大，而且使用简单，小学的学生可以而且确实可以**应用程序。”

对于SundarPichai，谷歌的好处是那些能够获得搜索、Gmail、地图和照片等免费服务的客户感受到的，他还认为Android允许廉价智能**上市。他认为，小企业主能够利用谷歌的服务提供在线服务，并在大流行期间保持稳定。

贝佐斯说，亚马逊市场“帮助了成千上万的卖家在亚马逊上发展业务”，该公司试图在客户知道自己需要新服务之前，为他们提供新的服务。

“We are internally driven to improve our services, add benefits and features, invent new products, lower prices, and speed up shipping times—before we have to. No customer ever asked Amazon to create the Prime membership program, but it sure turns out they wanted it. And I could give you many such examples.”

最后，扎克伯格指出，Facebook的服务帮助“数以百万计的企业与客户建立联系”，也帮助客户保持相互联系。

但是，除了这些更为普遍的辩护外，每位CEO都会花时间为自己的公司辩护，以应对批评者对他们提出的具体批评。

亚马逊：我们创造就业机会

对亚马逊来说，最近一个关键的批评是员工的待遇问题，最近随着该公司与COVID-19病毒的流行作斗争，这种批评愈演愈烈。但贝佐斯认为，亚马逊给员工的工资很高，而且它在培训员工方面投入了大量资金。

“The trust customers put in us every day has allowed Amazon to create more jobs in the United States over the past decade than any other company — hundreds of thousands of jobs across 42 states. Amazon employees make a minimum of $15 an hour, more than double the federal minimum wage (which we have urged Congress to increase).”

贝佐斯还说，亚马逊正在为员工培训花费超过7亿美元，其投资在建筑等领域创造了近70万个间接就业机会。

苹果：我们的应用商店政策是公平的

苹果知道其应用商店政策将受到严格审查，但它认为其指导方针同样适用于所有开发者，并且“确保高质量、可靠和安全的用户体验”

尤其是苹果，由于其通过应用商店（appstore）分发的应用程序购买产品收取30%的佣金而受到抨击。不过，蒂姆•库克认为，这些佣金低于竞争对手，也低于App Store之前的服务。

“After beginning with 500 app, today the App Store hosts more than 1.7 million — only 60 of which are Apple software. Clearly, if Apple is a gatekeeper, what we have done is open the gate wider. We want to get every app we can on the Store, not keep them off.”

facebook：我们没有’我们没有获得竞争对手，而是让他们成为竞争对手

扎克伯格开场白中一个更有趣的部分是，他为自己的公司收购Instagram和WhatsApp辩护，一些批评人士称，这两次收购让Facebook吞并了新兴的竞争对手，巩固了市场。然而，扎克伯格说，图片分享和信息服务之所以占据主导地位，是因为他们能够访问Facebook的大量资源。

“Following its acquisition, Instagram was able to get help stabilizing infrastructure and controlling runaway spam. It also benefited from the ability to plug into Facebook’s self-serve ads system, sales team and existing advertiser relati***hips to drive monetization, and was able to build products including IG Direct and IG Video that used Facebook’s technology and infrastructure. Before it was acquired, WhatsApp was a paid app with a reputation for secure communicati***; together we built on that by introducing end-to-end encryption and making it free to use. Since its acquisition, WhatsApp has also been able to develop products such as voice and video calling that were built on Facebook’s technology stack.

“These benefits came about as a result of our acquisition of those companies, and would not have happened had we not made those acquisiti***.”

除了谈到Facebook收购Instagram和WhatsApp外，扎克伯格的开场白还再次呼吁加强对Facebook的监管。

谷歌：我们的投资保持了美国科技的竞争力

最后，正如美国和中国一样’谷歌在国际科技领域的地位日益突出’s Sundar Pichai说它的谷歌’中国的投资将使美国保持领先地位。

“Every year, we are among the world’s biggest investors in research and development. At the end of 2019, our R&D spend had increased almost 10 times over 10 years, from $2.8 billion to $26 billion. We’ve invested over $90 billion over the last 5 Years.

Through these investments, our teams of engineers are helping America solidify its position as the global leader in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, self-driving cars, and quantum computing. For example, last fall, our team of researchers based here in the U.S. was the first to reach a quantum computing milestone, a discovery that could eventually lead to new breakthroughs in medicine and more efficient batteries.”

这四位首席执行官将于今天晚些时候在国会作证。