2011年4月，本·霍洛维茨写了一篇关于战争和商业的博文。安德烈森·霍洛维茨（Andreessen Horowitz）的企业家兼联合创始人说，CEO有两种。还有一位是“和平时期”的首席执行官，在谷歌魅力四射的第一个十年中，埃里克·施密特是最佳代表。还有一位“战时”首席执行官，他面临着生存威胁。他认为，即将上任的谷歌首席执行官拉里·佩奇（Larry Page）是战时的首席执行官——随着Facebook的崛起，佩奇将不得不采取更具战斗力的心态。霍洛维茨写道：

In peacetime, leaders must maximize and broaden the current opportunity. As a result, peacetime leaders employ techniques to encourage broad-based creativity and contribution across a diverse set of possible objectives. In wartime, by contrast, the company typically has a single bullet in the chamber and must, at all costs, hit the target. The company’s survival in wartime depends upon strict adherence and alignment to the mission.

七年后，Facebook的首席执行官面临着生存威胁——阅读本·霍洛维茨（Ben Horowitz）。下面是周末《华尔街日报》的迪帕·西塔拉曼：

Mark Zuckerberg gathered about 50 of his top lieutenants earlier this year and told them that Facebook was at war and he planned to lead the company accordingly.

During times of peace, executives can move more slowly and ensure that everybody is on board with key decisi***, he said during the June meeting, according to people familiar with the remarks. But with Facebook under siege from lawmakers, investors and angry users, he needed to act more decisively, the people said.

自扎克伯格发表上述言论以来，Facebook的战争愈演愈烈。有亚历克斯·琼斯的争论；有数据泄露；上周还发生了Definers假新闻丑闻。要求扎克伯格卸任董事长甚至首席执行官的呼声越来越高——即使这样的举动在短期内仍然不太可能。

但是暂时把将军放在一边。他的最高副手呢？有消息来源告诉《华尔街日报》，谢丽尔·桑德伯格（Sheryl Sandberg）在春季因早些时候的一次战时CEO事件，即剑桥分析数据隐私丑闻，遭到了训斥：

This spring, Mr. Zuckerberg told Ms. Sandberg, 49, that he blamed her and her teams for the public fallout over Cambridge Analytica, the research firm that inappropriately accessed private data on Facebook users and used it for political research, according to people familiar with the exchange.

Ms. Sandberg later confided in friends that the exchange rattled her, and she wondered if she should be worried about her job.

桑德伯格还于上周五就聘用定义人向员工发出了一份“罪责声明”，其中包括与一位前员工所称的“内部假新闻商店”合作，以迎合Facebook并批评其敌人的故事为媒体生态系统播下种子。迈克·艾萨克报道：

Ms. Sandberg, who also attended the session, added that “I fully accept resp***ibility for Definers,” according to two people familiar with the conversation. “That was on me.”

综上所述，这些故事描绘了这家科技界最著名的合作伙伴关系中前所未有的紧张局面。桑德伯格将Facebook的业务转变为全球巨头，理应受到赞誉，但她几乎从未发现自己在如此长的一段时间内处于守势。我记不起有什么时候有消息说她害怕被解雇。

读了《华尔街日报》的故事后，我发现自己在想桑德伯格的轶事究竟引起了谁的兴趣。我一直在想的答案是——每个人都参与其中。对于扎克伯格来说，这是一个关于战时CEO掌权的故事。对于桑德伯格来说，这传达了首席运营官被抓（很轻！）为她的失误负责，同时也让她更具亲和力(谁没有和他们的老板惹上麻烦？）对于Facebook来说，它展示了一幅公司在困难时期采取果断行动的画面。

当然，如果首席执行官和首席运营官之间没有紧张关系，那就最好了。但Facebook可以很容易地将这些表现为生产性的紧张关系，为修复公司这一公众目标服务。扎克伯格本人上周表示，桑德伯格“对我来说是一个非常重要的合作伙伴，现在是，将来也会是。”

这就是说，Facebook早就应该重新思考其通信战略了。尽管埃利奥特·施拉格（Elliot Schrage）在6月份虚构辞职，但该战略仍由他领导(据艾萨克报道，他在周五的全力以赴集结军队时出现在舞台上。）

施拉格在内部受到批评，因为他将沟通和政策团队的注意力集中在反应性措施、危机沟通、两党政治活动和偶尔的诽谤活动上，而在积极品牌建设方面却做得很少。这一战略源于华盛顿政治，由施拉格、桑德伯格和政策负责人乔尔·卡普兰（Joel Kaplan）支持。结果是一家公司在两年多的时间里从一场危机转向另一场危机，严重损害了对该公司的信任。

这一战略的弊端在公司的产品部门中感受最为深刻——这也有助于解释为什么今年早些时候，其中一些公司变得流氓，并实施了自己的通信战略。包括安德鲁·博斯沃思（Andrew Bosworth）和亚当·莫塞里（Adam Mosseri）在内的产品高管开始在推特上直接与记者互动，就广泛的话题提供坦率的见解。这种做法基本上已经结束，但它表明了Facebook内部普遍存在的不满情绪，即Facebook无法讲述自己的故事。

这个故事目前由桑德伯格负责。我上周写道，对首席运营官的批评，长期以来一直是科技界无懈可击的人物，突然变得更加公开(但我越是关注扎克伯格的未来计划，桑德伯格似乎就越有活力。不管她的缺点是什么，她在他试图在一个非常动荡的行业中规划一条前进的道路时负责日常业务，她还管理政策和沟通组织，而他更愿意将这些组织委托给其他人。

桑德伯格有钱，名声好，可以为所欲为。目前，Facebook比她更需要她。在和平时期，Facebook很难找到新的首席运营官。战时再找一个首席运营官要困难得多。

民主

现在有八个议会要求扎克伯格为Facebook丑闻****

为政策和沟通团队做更多工作！

Facebook’s founder is facing pressure to accept an invite from eight international parliaments, with lawmakers wanting to question him about negative impacts his social network is having on democratic processes globally.

“这一页上没有什么是真实的”：谎言如何在美国网络上成为真理

每个人都在谈论这个伊莱·萨斯洛的故事，这个故事追溯了两个角色的轨迹：一个愤世嫉俗的自由主义者，他写了一些保守主义的诱饵“讽刺”，在Facebook上传播开来；另一个内华达州农村的老妇人，她分享这些讽刺，却不理解这个笑话。这篇报道很精彩，但我觉得这两个角色都太感同身受了。前者从最恶劣的****中获利；后者是一个顽固的种族主义者。让他们两个见鬼去吧。

Instagram将删除虚假的喜欢和关注

Instagram正在打击来自虚假账户的寻求参与活动，这一举措应该会对破坏协同影响力活动产生积极影响。廖香农报道：

Instagram wants to fight fake likes, follows, and comments by more actively removing them. Any fake likes and follows from accounts that use third-party services to get more engagement are going to now be removed for violating the platform’s Community Guidelines and Terms of Use, the company announced as part of policy change today.

Facebook的余波打破了民主党与硅谷的长期联盟

Nicholas Confessore和Matthew Rosenberg报道说，科技公司不应该期望在新民主党国会中找到很多朋友：

Many Democrats now believe that Facebook, Google and Twitter have been too slow to challenge the abusive speech and disinformation on their platforms. Some argue that the companies have bowed to misplaced Republican critici** about bias — President Trump falsely accused Google in August of playing down his State of the Union — in order to protect their businesses from political pressure.

一个默默无闻的秘密运营集团花了数百万美元在Facebook的政治广告上

Issie Lapowsky profiles Insided Online是一家盈利性公司，在弗吉尼亚州提供在线课程，并销售隐蔽携带**许可证的在线认证。该公司在Facebook广告上花费了200多万美元，而且似乎他们利用了深刻的政治分歧来帮助他们传播。该公司获得了更好的商业局的F级评级：

[The ads] feature urgent warnings, like “The election is just DAYS AWAY and Gun Control Lawmakers could do a FULL STOP on your 2nd Amendment rights! FAST-TRACK your Concealed Carry Certification ONLINE! It’s FREE, EASY, and STILL LEGAL! IGNORE AT YOUR OWN RISK.” Nevertheless, Concealed Online’s owner rejects the idea that this is in any way a political ad. “It all depends on the intent of the ad. What’s the call to action? 100 percent of the time our call to action is: Click here to buy our product,” he says. “The intention is to cause a sense of urgency to achieve more sales.”

Facebook承诺出资450万英镑在英国培训当地记者

有一件事我没想到会发生：作为一项新的“社区新闻项目”的一部分，Facebook将捐出450万英镑在英国培训80名左右的记者。Jon Porter报道说，这一项目旨在鼓励更多来自当地记者消失的城镇的报道。

The scheme follows the launch of the Facebook Journali** Project at the beginning of 2017, which saw Facebook pledge to support a “healthy news ecosystem,” hitting back at critici**s that its platform had become a haven for fake and misleading news. At the time, Facebook called local news the “starting place for great journali**.” This new fund appears to be part of a two-pronged attack: promoting the production of quality journali**, while the social network’s moderation teams step up their efforts to tackle fake news.

媒体希望国会允许他们在Facebook和谷歌上合作

史蒂文·贝尔伯格（Steven Perlberg）最新报道了一组媒体公司寻求反垄断豁免，以制定一项计划，对抗谷歌和Facebook的广告垄断：

With resentment against Big Tech at an all-time high in Washington and Democrats set to take control of the House, news executives are starting to believe they now have another shot.

Newspapers are running op-eds and media executives are lobbying their representatives as a new Congress takes shape. What they’re fighting for is permission, currently restricted by federal antitrust rules, to team up to negotiate the terms by which their content is distributed by Google and Facebook, among other demands surrounding things like customer data. While it can be head-spinning to navigate Trump’s Washington — particularly for a news business under a c***tant barrage of “fake news” attacks — the industry finally feels like it might have a playbook to get some results for their bottom line.

蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）为谷歌搜索交易辩护，尽管苹果关注隐私

苹果向谷歌收取数十亿美元，然后抨击谷歌对用户隐私的处理方式。Axios向Tim Cook询问了此事：

”I think their [Google’s] search engine is the best. Look at what we’ve done with the controls we’ve built in. We have private web browsing,” Cook said. “We have an intelligent tracker prevention. What we’ve tried to do is come up with ways to help our users through their course of the day. It’s not a perfect thing. I’d be the very first person to say that. But it goes a long way to helping.”

研究显示，民族主义是印度假新闻背后的驱动力

上周在印度和其他国家的社交媒体上首次提到了英国广播公司调查的精彩细节。以下是印度人如何应对智能**上的大量新闻：

The sheer flood of digital information being spread in 2018 is worsening the problem. Participants in the BBC research made little attempt to query the original source of fake news messages, looking instead to alternative signs that the information was reliable.

These included the number of comments on a Facebook post, the kinds of images on the posts, or the sender, with people assuming WhatsApp messages from family and friends could be trusted and sent on without checking.

虚假新闻和仇恨言论在地区性语言社交媒体上盛行

Samarth Bansal和Snigdha Poonam发现，印度社交媒体上的仇恨言论问题远不止Facebook拥有的财产：

A Hindustan Times investigation has revealed that regional language social media platforms such as ShareChat, with 50 million registered users, and Helo, with at least 5 million estimated registered users, are rife with misinformation and political propaganda.

From blatant lies to partially true polarising content to violent hate speech, the platforms built for the “next billion” internet users face the same challenges for which American social media giants such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp are facing intense scrutiny.

在“数字印度”，**发放免费**以赢得选票

这是对传统政治贿赂的一种新的扭曲。Vindu Goel和Suhasini Raj报道说，印度正在向选民分发智能**：

The phones are the latest twist in digital campaigning by the B.J.P., which controls the national and state government and is deft at using tools like WhatsApp groups and Facebook posts to influence voters. The B.J.P. government in Rajasthan, which holds state electi*** next month, is also subsidizing phones and data plans for residents, and party leaders are c***idering extending the model to other states.

在英国军队的秘密信息战机器里

卡尔·米勒写的是英国陆军第77旅，该旅编辑视频、录制播客，并以信息战的名义撰写病毒式帖子：

Information campaigns such as these are “white”: openly, avowedly the voice of the British military. But to narrower audiences, in conflict situati***, and when it was understood to be proportionate and necessary to do so, messaging campaigns could become, the officer said, “grey” and “black” too. “Counter-piracy, counter-insurgencies and counter-terrori**,” he explained. There, the messaging doesn’t have to look like it came from the military and doesn’t have to necessarily tell the truth.

菲律宾**威胁说唱歌手

Brian Stelter与Rappler创始人兼编辑Maria Ressa交谈，她目前因如实报道罗德里戈·杜特尔特政权而面临十年监禁。”所有这些案件的最终目的都是政治骚扰，”她说他们想恐吓我们停止我们正在做的故事。”

在别处

在昂贵的战争中影响你的Instagram订阅

Paris Martineau深入到Instagram影响者的阴暗世界，在这个世界中，流行创作者以75000美元一次的价格推广产品，却从未透露他们已经获得了报酬。这很严重，联邦贸易委员会应该打击这种做法：

There’s another plus: Many users don’t view influencers as paid endorsers or salespeople—even though a significant percentage are—but as trusted experts, friends, and “real” people. This perceived authenticity is part of why brands shell out so much cash in exchange for a brief appearance in your Instagram feed.

Many influencers with substantial followings “are not promoting products without being compensated,” said Kevin James Bennett, a co**etics developer and c***ultant who works with brands interested in influencer marketing. “That doesn’t make them bad people, it makes them salespers***—and you, the c***umer, deserve to know when you’re being ‘sold’ something.”

Instagram新漏洞引发安全问题（$）

这看起来很糟糕。Sarah Kuranda和Reed Albergotti报道：

Instagram notified some users of a new security flaw that could have inadvertently exposed their passwords to public view, raising questi*** among security researchers about the effectiveness of Instagram’s security measures.

“不到麦当劳的快乐餐”：Facebook的视频广告休息对创作者来说不起作用

克里·弗林说，Facebook的视频广告没有为任何人赚钱：

But eligible creators tell Digiday that they aren’t making any meaningful revenue from Facebook’s ad breaks, even if they have a large Facebook audience. A U.S.-based creator using Facebook Watch said an episodic-show made less than $100 per video when it was distributed on multiple pages that total nearly five million. A U.K.-based creator said that five recent videos, which have accumulated more than 6.4 million views, he’s earned “less than the price of a McDonald’s happy meal — after currency conversion.”

Facebook高管希望独立调查手无寸铁的兄弟之死

Facebook执行官Ebele Okobi说，今年早些时候警方和她的兄弟Chinedu Valentine Okobi发生致命遭遇的视频与他们的官方说法相矛盾。对奥克比家族和我们所有人来说，这绝对是一个悲惨的故事。

创始人重振BuzzFeed财富的伟大想法？与竞争对手的合并

BuzzFeed首席执行官乔纳·佩雷蒂（Jonah Peretti）表示，如果他的公司与其他五六家大型数字媒体公司合并，他可以更好地与Facebook和谷歌竞争。此外，他还推出了BuzzFeed的付费会员资格，其中包括未指明的额外电子邮件，以及一年100美元的手提包。

Tumblr在苹果的应用商店中失踪

深受喜爱的****Tumblr的iOS应用程序在苹果的应用商店中丢失，可能是因为有人在上面发现了色情内容。花了他们足够长的时间！

在Reddit的品牌和代理路演中，吸引更多的广告收入-Digiday

克里·弗林报道说，Reddit正在努力宣传自己是一个无毒的数字广告场所，并取得了一些成功。

“Reddit’s had a big year. They’ve made serious design changes to boost desktop and mobile to make it a lot more premium feeling and help brands to picture themselves advertising there,” said Perse. “While we haven’t done much with them to date, we’ve had more clients, particularly in retail and entertainment, bring them up.”

发射

Twitter重新设计iOS应用程序，以减少关注者数量

如果你问我，我会很粗鲁！

Twitter has made follower counts appear less prominent on its iOS app by making the font size **aller after a new redesign effort, according to a Twitter spokesperson. CEO Jack Dorsey has repeatedly said that he wants to rethink how the company could prioritize “meaningful” conversati*** over numbers like retweets, likes, and follows.

YouTube现在可以免费播放由广告支持的故事片

这感觉像是一件大事，但并没有得到太多的关注：你现在可以在YouTube上观看免费的、广告支持的故事片，包括《终结者》、《合法金发女郎》和《洛奇》。

Snap为AR商店推出了一项认证计划，以打造品牌镜片

Snap现在正在对增强现实开发者进行认证，希望更多的品牌会付钱给他们，让他们在Snapchat中获得赞助的AR体验。

拿

Facebook时代已经结束

这是一篇简洁、有说服力的文章，作者是元社交网络Ning的联合创始人吉娜·比安奇尼（Gina Bianchini），她预测Facebook将在未来几年缓慢退出。公司内外员工必须阅读以下内容：

As more people become c***cious of how we spend our time online, we will choose differently. We will seek to feel good about what we’re contributing and what we’re getting out of our time invested. There will emerge new safe, positive places governed not by algorithms and monolithic companies, but curated by real people who have a passion for inspiring and uplifting other human beings.

是的，Facebook在2016年犯了错误。但我们不是唯一的错误。

前Facebook安全总监Alex Stamos在帖子中写了一篇专栏文章，讲述了他现在著名的对桑德伯格的抨击：

At the time, technology companies were so enamored with the utility of our own products and so focused on sophisticated attacks from U.S. adversaries such as Russia and China that we overlooked less advanced but still effective propaganda operati***. After the election, and having provided our detailed findings to the FBI and special counsel Robert S. Mueller III, Facebook stuck to a public-communicati*** strategy of minimization and denial. It was finally jettisoned in early 2018, but the damage to trust has been massive and will take years to repair. To be clear, no one at the company ever told me not to examine Russian activity, nor did anyone attempt to lie about our findings, but Facebook should have responded to these threats much earlier and handled disclosure in a more transparent manner.

“不能相信Facebook会自我监管”

《****》编辑委员会呼吁新民主党众议院在Facebook上举行有意义的听证会：

As Representative Cicilline’s tweet suggests, a sense of urgency is growing around the idea Facebook should be regulated, but there’s no c***ensus on exactly how. The answers can only come if the right questi*** are asked. Congressional hearings are an obvious start. We can only hope the House doesn’t pull any punches.

尽管有缺陷，Facebook仍然保留着我的记忆

Jon Porter思考了退出Facebook的成本：

I’m glad that Facebook existed during the period of my life that it did. I’m glad that a period that saw me turn from an angsty teenager into something approaching a mature ***** was catalogued (almost without any effort from me) and I’m glad that an online network existed that eased me into the rapidly forming friendship groups of my early university life. Now though, the amount of personal data that I’ve poured into the service has reached a critical mass, and I can’t let the allure of easy access to a decade of memories keep me pinned to a ticking time bomb of sensitive data.

最后。。。

哦，没什么，只是一位Instagram妈妈（在她儿子6岁生日那天）哀叹他比其他孩子得到的喜欢少，担心这会影响他长大后的自尊(单击以查看第二个图像。）

如果你把这个女人推到黑镜面前，他们会因为你太严厉而拒绝你。再见！

跟我说

请向我发送有关谁泄露了桑德伯格轶事的提示、评论、问题和您的想法：[email protected].