什么是网络地址？(a network address?)
网络地址只是计算机用来作为识别手段的一种代码。就像从家里获取信息需要邮政服务知道门牌号和街道名称一样，网络地址对计算机网络也有同样的作用。如果没有某种方式传递这些信息，互联网的想法几乎毫无用处。
就像邮政服务一样，计算机必须知道它在哪里发送信息。网络地址是一组唯一的标识信息集，可用于找到正确的目的地。虽然许多人可能听说过这样一个标识符被用来破解盗窃计划和其他类型的在线犯罪，但这实际上只是地址整体重要性的一小部分。几乎所有信息都需要此地址。
在计算机上配置网络地址有多种不同的方式。最常见的方法是使用称为Internet协议（IP）的协议。使用此协议的地址也可以称为IP地址。IP地址的信息包含在32位中。计算机可能至少在连接到Internet时保持相同的IP地址，但也可能定期更改，并且可以手动重置。
另一种类型的协议称为媒体访问控制（MAC）。这种类型的网络地址更复杂一些，因为它使用48位而不是32位。来自MAC号码的信息非常有用，并从物理角度提供了有关计算机来源和当前位置的线索。IP地址也可以提供其中一些事实。
网络地址可以用来追踪被通缉的人，但这种情况很少发生。在大多数情况下，获取有关计算机物理位置的信息是非常有特权的。为了获得这类信息，可能需要某种授权。
这种跟踪计算机的能力使一些人对网络地址提供的隐私量产生了安全顾虑。虽然有人可能知道谁是互联网服务提供商，甚至是一个城市或城镇，但获得任何比这更具体的信息都是非常困难的。除非消费者做了违法的事情，否则拥有一个网络地址可能没什么好担心的。
- 发表于 2021-12-11 12:25
- 阅读 ( 171 )
- 分类：互联网
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