在2016年大选后的几天里，Gizmodo发表了一篇广受讨论的故事，预言了我们当前的时刻。这个故事由迈克尔F。Nuñez声称Facebook已经建立了一个工具来减少虚假新闻的传播，然后因为担心这会对右翼新闻网站造成不成比例的影响而放弃了这个工具。Nuñez报告说，Facebook对其产品进行了高层次的概述，试图找出他们可能对保守派产生偏见的方式。

Facebook否认了该报道的大部分实质内容。但随后的报道确实发现了公司内部的担忧，即右翼用户有一天可能会集体使用这项服务(参见扎克伯格与16位著名保守党人于2016年5月举行的著名会议。）正如我在2016年所写：

When an earlier generation of media companies acted as gatekeepers against false and misleading stories, they created a market for alternative media. That led to the rise of c***ervative talk radio, Fox News, and (most recently) the alt-right. Facebook’s worst nightmare is that c***ervatives stop seeing it as a neutral platform, and create a fair-and-balanced social network of their own.

周四，这场噩梦获得了一些动力。Axios的迈克·艾伦（Mike Allen）与唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump Jr.）进行了交谈。特朗普说，他正在寻找一个“保守的、类似Facebook的社交网络”，他将大力推广给他的数百万追随者：

When I asked him if his father’s 2020 campaign might build such a platform, Don Jr. said: “I’d love to do it. But what I would prefer is, take one of the two Silicon Valley c***ervatives and let them start it. And then I’d help promote the platform and be all over that.”

Scary thought: Imagine tribal news delivered via tribal pipes. And, as one mischievous Trump adviser told us, imagine the president moving his Twitter show to that network.

当然，仅仅希望拥有一个保守的脸谱网是不可能的。现在已经有了一个名为Gab的另类右翼推特，两年后，它似乎几乎无法运行。还不清楚一个纯粹意识形态的社交网络会有多有趣；正如Joe Weisenthal所说：“一个只支持右翼的社交网络将无法让用户触发LIB，那么这有什么意义呢？人们只会感到无聊。”

此外，正如Newswip对最受欢迎出版商的排名不断证明的那样，现有的Facebook对保守派运动来说是一个难以置信的福音(玛雅·科索夫：“事实是，一个合法的‘保守派脸谱网’看起来。很像Facebook。”）

与此同时，似乎至少存在一定程度的风险，这种偏见投诉的鼓吹正在对Facebook的形象造成持久的损害。周三，媒体研究中心，一个致力于宣传媒体对保守派有偏见的党派组织，公布了它赞助的一项民意调查结果。样本量很小，只有351人，但这些观点与共和党议员最近在听证会上提出的观点一致。而且对Facebook的信任度普遍下降也无济于事：

Of c***ervatives who have used Facebook, 32.3% say they have either left (7.5%), or are c***idering leaving (24.8%), Facebook due to its censorship of c***ervative views.

What’s more, nearly two-thirds (66.9%) of c***ervative likely voters have less trust in Facebook than they did a year ago. Likewise, nearly two-thirds (66.1%) do not trust Facebook to treat all political views equally and 64.6% believe sites like Facebook are intentionally censoring c***ervatives and c***ervative ideas.

我对这次民意调查以及整个辩论感到失望的是，这些术语太不精确了。Facebook“平等对待所有政治观点”意味着什么？Facebook的建立是为了个人个性化；如果你只想在你的feed中看到福克斯新闻，你很容易就能看到。相反，如果Facebook将CNN或《****》同等数量的文章注入到你精心策划的、仅限于福克斯的feed中，你可能会认为Facebook比现在更偏袒。

但很难用理性来对抗一场基本上情绪化的争论(这句话同时也是我对下周国会听证会的预演。）主流媒体基本上无法让保守派相信他们在真诚地从事新闻工作。我怀疑Facebook也会经历同样艰难的时刻。

现在想想选举前的几个月，似乎有点奇怪，当时Facebook在其产品中搜寻对保守派的实际偏见证据。现在看来很清楚，无论它发现了什么，或者做了什么，它都将面临与今天一样的愤怒。考虑到它所依据的恶意论点，Facebook对此能做些什么还不清楚。

民主

特朗普说，谷歌、Facebook和亚马逊可能处于“反垄断状态”

特朗普总统告诉彭博社，谷歌、Facebook和亚马逊可能处于“非常反垄断的境地”。这是所有反垄断情形中最可怕的情形之一。

杰克·多尔西在华盛顿度过了美好的一天

Selina Wang表示，Twitter首席执行官在国会作证时（首次）将面临最严厉的审查下个星期原因是推特拥有的资源更少，而且其决策往往不透明且不连贯：

Twitter Inc. is in a more precarious position than its larger compe*****s, though. Dorsey’s company can’t match their user bases or cash reserves, and the modest user growth he’s fostered over the past two years could vanish if Twitter starts losing c***ervatives over concerns, warranted or not, about bans and “shadow bans” (in which a user’s content is invisible to everyone but ­themselves—a ­practice Twitter says it doesn’t engage in). On the other side, the service could lose liberals who won’t participate on a site they perceive to be fostering abusive speech or bending rules to accom­modate c***ervatives.

The latest flashpoint is a decision Apple, Facebook, Spotify, and Google-owned YouTube made in early August to purge content from Alex Jones, the shock-radio host and creator of the website InfoWars, over posts and videos that violated their hate-speech and haras**ent policies. Twitter has also been under mounting pressure to ban Jones, notably for spreading false asserti*** that the 2012 mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut was a hoax. After his compe*****s’ decision, Dorsey tweeted that Jones “hasn’t violated our rules” and implied that other platforms had caved to political pressure.

参议员批评谷歌首席执行官拒绝作证

议员们对桑达尔·皮凯下周不会与谢丽尔·桑德伯格和杰克·多尔西、史蒂文·t·琼斯一起作证感到不安。丹尼斯报道：

Senator Angus King, a Maine independent who caucuses with Democrats, said Google and the other companies should all send their CEOs.

“This is the United States Senate, this is an important issue, and we deserve to hear from the decision-makers, not the people who carry out the decisi***,“ King said.

哈奇要求联邦贸易委员会调查谷歌的市场支配地位

哈珀·内迪格报道，犹他州共和党参议员奥林·哈奇（Orrin Hatch）已要求联邦贸易委员会重新展开调查，调查谷歌的搜索和数字广告行为是否反竞争。请注意，这一请求是基于现实的——与谷歌搜索结果被“操纵”总统的说法不同。

Hatch sent a letter to FTC Chairman Joseph Sim*** expressing concern about reports in recent years ranging from Google restricting competing advertising services to collecting data from users’ Gmail inbox contents.

“Needless to say, I found these reports disquieting,” Hatch wrote. “Although these reports concern different aspects of Google’s business, many relate to the company’s dominant position in search and accumulating vast amounts of personal data.”

在世界社交媒体之都**的巨魔

乔纳森·科珀松（Jonathan Corpus Ong）考察了罗德里戈·杜特尔特（Rodrigo Duterte）培养巨魔军队如何预示俄罗斯2016年的影响力战役：

Duterte’s campaign machinery strategically focused onassembling bloggers, digital influencers, and fake account operators to tap into the public’s deep-seated anger—and convert these emoti*** into votes on election day. This was initially a cost-saving maneuver for an “outsider” candidate lacking extensive political resources, but it worked to great effect. This tactic owed much of its success to the fact that the Philippines is the world’s “social media capital,” with the average Filipino spending more time on social media than any other nationality.

WhatsApp在印度启动广播活动，打击假新闻

Facebook已经开展了一项印刷活动，警告人们不要发布虚假新闻；现在有一个电台活动与之相配合，据有线通讯社PTI报道。最初的广告使用印地语，但将扩展到其他语言：

“The radio campaign will air starting today across 46 Hindi-speaking stati*** of All India Radio (AIR) across Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand,” a WhatsApp spokesperson told PTI. […]

These campaigns advise users to verify authenticity of messages before forwarding them and to report content that they might find to be inflammatory. It also cauti*** users to be careful about forwarding messages that contain misinformation and said doing so, could have serious repercussi***.

在别处

Facebook上有权力的人

Sarah Kuranda通过提供最新的组织结构图为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务。莎拉，希望你能永远更新这个。我立刻把它加入书签，我相信我并不孤单。

误传如何传播疾病

错误信息影响的不仅仅是政治。Nat Gynes和Xiao Mina报道说，这实际上让我们的病情更加严重：“研究人员发现，越来越多的在线错误信息助长了蛀牙、埃博拉和麻疹等疾病的传播。”

Recent research found that Twitter bots were sharing content that contributed to positive sentiments about e-cigarettes. In West Africa, online health misinformation added to the Ebola death toll. In New South Wales, Australia, where the spread of c***piracy theories about water fluoridation run rampant, children suffering from tooth decay are hospitalized for mass extracti*** at higher rates than in regi*** where water fluoridation exists. Over the past several weeks, new cases of measles—which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared eliminated from the United States in 2000—have emerged in places such as Portland, Boston, Chicago, and Michigan; researchers worry that the reemergence of preventable diseases such as this one is related to a drop in immunization rates due to declining trust in vaccines, which is in turn tied to misleading content encountered on the internet. With new tools and technologies now available to help identify where and how health misinformation spreads, evidence is building that the health misinformation we encounter online can motivate decisi*** and behaviors that actually make us more susceptible to disease.

Grindr***约会应用首次公开募股

格林德基本上发明了现代***约会，并对文化产生了戏剧性的影响（但探索得太少）。它现在正准备上市，天哪，我迫不及待地想看看这方面的风险因素。这里有一个网络，在这个网络中，世界各地有大量知名人士定期发短信，并与虚假的个人资料交换**，这为中国**提供了一个现成的kompromat来源，中国**表示，中国**几乎肯定会对通过昆仑集团服务器的一切都感兴趣，假设他们还没有？？？？

Johnny Johnny是的爸爸解释说互联网上最好的模因创造者

有时候，一个迷因出现在最完美的时刻，当你看到它时，你就知道它为什么吸引了互联网的想象力。是的，爸爸不是那种迷因。事实上，朱莉娅·亚历山大（Julia Alexander）不得不采访一大群专家，甚至开始理解为什么一首简单的童谣（不押韵！！！）在各种令人不安的YouTube频道上获得了数十亿的浏览量。这是最能引起我共鸣的解释：

Creator behind Welcome to My Meme Page (300,000 Facebook followers): I think Dem*** have descended upon our world. We are thrashing under the fever of a Great Sickness, yet we do not know it.

发射

Twitter将开始为移民等问题的政治广告贴标签

推特正在采纳Facebook的规定，要求政治广告商核实自己的身份，同时对新闻报道给予豁免(Facebook还没有设立这样一个豁免，许多媒体仍在努力理解自己的责任，正如印度商队的这篇文章所表明的那样。）这将产生引人入胜的影响——俄罗斯的RT网络推特新闻，但它也得到了克里姆林宫的资助——这使得它可以说只是另一个名字的政治广告。推特让记者们在这里感到高兴，但它也可能只是为影响力活动创造了一个漏洞。这是托尼·罗姆：

Twitter said Thursday that it would begin requiring some organizati*** that purchase political ads on topics such as abortion, health-care reform and immigration to disclose more information about themselves to users, part of the tech giant’s attempt to thwart bad actors, including Russia, from spreading propaganda ahead of the 2018 election.

The new policy targets promoted tweets that mention candidates or advocate on “legislative issues of national importance,” Twitter executives said in a blog post. To purchase these ads, individuals and groups must verify their identities. If approved, their ads then would be specially labeled in users’ timelines and preserved online for the public to view. And promoted tweets, and the accounts behind them, would be required disclose the name of the actual organization that purchased the ad in the first place.

拿

为什么谷歌对右翼媒体的排名不高

Alexis Madrigal说，谷歌新闻对右翼媒体的排名低于主流媒体，因为他们不做太多报道，也不遵守基本的新闻标准

But even if the methodology is flawed, Google applies it equally to all the media organizati*** in its news universe. It might not be a “free” marketplace of ideas, but it is a marketplace with fairly well-known and nonpartisan rules. If right-wing sites aren’t winning there, maybe Google isn’t the problem.

最后。。。

Snapchat、天气频道和其他反犹故意破坏的节目

经营一个有围墙的花园，记者会因为你的贪婪而指责你。操作一个更开放的系统，记者会不断地问，你是怎么让这种事情发生的？？？

今天我们遇到了后一种情况：

New Yorkers who opened up Snapchat, The Weather Channel, CitiBike, or a number of other apps and services this morning found that the name of their city had been swapped with anti-Semitic vandali**, replacing it with “Jewtropolis.”

The offensive change appears to have been a result of edits to Mapbox, a widely used service that powers the maps inside of all these apps and more. The change was also spotted inside the app for StreetEasy and on The New York Times’ map of 2016 election results. Mapbox also lists Vice, Vox (our sibling site), and the FCC as groups that have made use of its maps, however, the vandali** didn’t show up on those sites.

我忍不住觉得，如果这些天没有那么多纳粹分子，这看起来更像是一场初中恶作剧，而不是一场种族灭绝影响运动。但是，你知道！

跟我说

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