个人教育计划是由特殊教育团队创建的路线图，为特殊需要的学生制定教育目标和期望。该计划的一个主要特点涉及IEP目标，这些目标必须是具体的、可测量的、可实现的、以结果为导向的和有时限的。为小学年级的操作编写IEP数学目标可能很有挑战性，但查看示例可能会有所帮助。

使用这些书面目标或修改它们来创建自己的IEP数学目标。

运算与代数理解

这是数学函数的最低层次，但仍然是理解运算的基础。这些目标应该强调技能，包括理解加法是指把数字放在一起，而减法是指拿走。

小学早期的学生应该能够用物体、手指、心理图像、图画、声音（如拍手声）、表演情境、口头解释、表达或方程式来表示加减法。关注此技能的IEP数学目标可能是：

When presented with 10 random sets of counters within 10, Johnny Student will solve problems modeled by the teacher with statements such as: "Here are three counters. Here are four counters. How many counters altogether?" correctly answering eight out of 10, in three out of four consecutive trials.

在这个年龄段，学生应该能够使用对象或图形将小于或等于10的数字分解成成对，并通过图形或等式（例如5=2+3和5=4+1）记录每次分解。实现这一目标的目标可以是：

When presented with 10 random sets of counters within 10, Johnny Student will solve problems modeled by the teacher using statement, such as, "Here are 10 counters. I will take these away. How many are left?" correctly answering eight out of 10 (80 percent), in three out of four consecutive trials.

基本加减法

同样在小学早期，对于从1到9的任何数字，学生需要能够找到与给定数字相加时等于10的数字，并用图形或方程式记录答案。他们还需要加和减5个数字。这些目标强调这些技能：

When presented with a random number on a card from one to nine, Johnny Student will find the correct number of counters to add to the number to make 10, in eight out of nine attempts (89 percent) for three of four consecutive trials. When randomly given 10 mixed flash cards with addition problems using numbers zero through five, and subtraction problems using numbers zero through five, Johnny Student will correctly answer nine of 10 in quick succession, in three of four consecutive trials.

运算与代数思维

为有学习障碍的学生教授加减法的有效方法是触摸数学和数字线。数字行就是学生在做数学题时可以很容易地数到的连续数字行。TouchMath是一个面向一至三年级学生的多传感器商业数学课程，允许学生触摸数字上的点或其他物体，以便进行计数。您可以使用免费数学工作表生成器网站创建自己的触摸数学类型工作表。

包含数字线或触摸数学类型策略的IEP数学目标可能包括：

When given 10 addition problems with touch points, with addends to nine, Johnny Student will write the correct answer to eight out of 10 problems (80 percent) in three of four consecutive trials. When given 10 subtraction problems with touch points, with minuends (the top number in a subtraction problem) to 18 and subtrahends (the bottom number in subtraction problems) to nine, Johnny Student will write the correct answer to eight out of 10 problems (80 percent) for three of four consecutive trials. When given a number line to 20 and 10 addition problems with addends to nine, Johnny Student will write the correct answer to eight out of 10 problems (80 percent) in three of four consecutive trials.

加减到20

年轻学生还必须能够在20分钟内进行加减运算，并在10分钟内表现出加减运算的流利性。他们应该能够使用一些策略，例如，做10（例如，8+6=8+2+4=10+4=14）；将一个数分解为10（13-4=13-3-1=10-1=9）；使用加减法之间的关系（知道8+4=12和12-8=4）；以及创建等效但更简单或已知的总和（通过创建已知等效的6+6+1=12+1=13，将6+7相加）。

通过帮助学生找到并看到11到20之间的数字中的“10”，该技能为教授位置值提供了一个很好的场所。涵盖该技能的数学目标可能规定：

When given a random number of counters between 11 and 19 for 10 times (probes), Johnny Student will regroup the number into a 10 and ones, placing them on a work mat with two squares, one labeled "10" and the other "ones" correctly in eight out of 10 probes (80 percent) for three of four consecutive trials.