在任何一年中,国会议员的工作日都不到一半,但这些工作日只占“立法日”,即立法机构处理人民事务的正式会议。根据联邦记录,众议院每周大约工作两天,而参议院的工作时间比这多一点。
在你的一生中,你可能至少听过一次“国会无所事事”这句话,它常常是对立法者无法达成共识并通过重要支出法案的一种抨击。有时,这是指国会似乎工作得很少,特别是鉴于其成员的基本工资为174000美元,是美国家庭收入中值的三倍多。
以下是国会每年工作多少天的解释。
根据记录,自2001年以来,众议院平均每年有146.7个“立法日”。 大约是每两天半工作一天。另一方面,参议院在同一时期平均每年举行165天的会议。
从技术上讲,众议院的立法日可以跨越24小时以上;立法日仅在会议休会时结束。参议院的工作方式有点不同。立法日通常超出24小时工作日的界限,有时甚至超过一周。这并不意味着参议院24小时都在开会。这仅仅意味着立法会议仅仅是休会,而不是在一天的工作之后休会。
以下是近年来参众两院每年的立法日数:
立法者的生命不仅仅是计划投票的天数。”在会议期间,“立法日”只占国会议员职责的一小部分。
由于日历上的立法日通常少于工作日,因此人们对国会议员实际工作的时间有很多误解。这让人们相信,国会议员的工作比他们少得多,一次享受一个月的悠闲休息,但事实远非如此。
实际上,“休会”是一个预定的地区/选区工作期间,在此期间,众议院议员为其所在地区的人民服务。在会议期间,国会议员报告说,他们只花了15%的时间与朋友和家人在一起,并从事私人活动。在休会期间或在国会选区,他们报告在这些活动上的支出仅为17%。
无论他们身在何处或正在做什么,众议院和参议院议员每周都要花费83-85%的时间和40多个小时从事立法/政策工作、制宪服务、政治/竞选工作、新闻/媒体关系和行政工作。
关于国会议员的工作时间和牺牲,非营利的国会管理基金会报道:
"Members work long hours (70 hours a week when Congress is in session), endure unequaled public scrutiny and criticism, and sacrifice family time to fulfill work responsibilities."国会议员报告的每周70小时工作时间几乎是美国人平均每周工作时间的两倍。
国会议员工作中最重要的一个方面就是能够与投票选举他们入主白宫的人接触,并对他们做出反应。这项被称为选民服务的职责包括接听公众电话,就重要问题召开市政厅会议,并协助435个国会选区的议员解决问题。
国会每次会议从奇数年的1月开始,包括每年1月初至12月的两次年度会议。国会在每届会议结束时休会;每届国会有两次会议。宪法禁止参议院或众议院在未经另一个议院许可的情况下休会三天以上。
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