弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）是一位政治家、科学家、哲学家和作家，通常被认为是第一位主要的英国散文家。他的《散文集》第一版出现在1597年，就在蒙田颇具影响力的《散文集》出版后不久。编辑约翰·格罗斯（John Gross）将培根的散文描述为“修辞杰作”；他们光辉的平凡从未被超越。”

到1625年，当这个版本的《旅行》出现在第三版的《Essayes or Counses，Civil and Moral》中时，欧洲旅行已经成为许多年轻贵族教育的一部分(参见Owen Felltham的文章，标题也为“旅行之旅”。）

今天的建议仍然有用

想想培根对当今旅行者的忠告：记日记，依靠导游手册，学习语言，避免与同胞交往。还要注意培根如何依赖列表结构和并行性来组织他的一些建议和示例。

"Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder a part of experience. He that travelleth into a country, before he hath some entrance into the language, goeth to school, and not to travel. That young men travel under some tutor or grave servant, I allow well; so that he be such a one that hath the language, and hath been in the country before; whereby he may be able to tell them what things are worthy to be seen in the country where they go, what acquaintances they are to seek, what exercises or discipline the place yieldeth; for else young men shall go hooded, and look abroad little. It is a strange thing, that in sea-voyages, where there is nothing to be seen but sky and sea, men should make diaries; but in land travel, wherein so much is to be observed, for the most part they omit it; as if chance were fitter to be registered than observation: let diaries, therefore, be brought in use. The things to be seen and observed are, the courts of princes, especially when they give audience to ambassadors; the courts of justice, while they sit and hear causes; and so of consistories ecclesiastic [church councils]; the churches and monasteries, with the monuments which are therein extant; the walls and fortifications of cities and towns; and so the havens and harbours, antiquities and ruins, libraries, colleges, disputations, and lectures, where any are; shipping and navies; houses and gardens of state and pleasure, near great cities; armories, arsenals, magazines, exchanges, burses, warehouses, exercises of horsemanship, fencing, training of soldiers, and the like: comedies, such whereunto the better sort of persons do resort; treasuries of jewels and robes; cabinets and rarities; and, to conclude, whatsoever is memorable in the places where they go; after all which the tutors or servants ought to make diligent inquiry. As for triumphs, masks, feasts, weddings, funerals, capital executions, and such shows, men need not to be put in mind of them: yet are they not to be neglected."

找到语言和文化方面的导师

弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）时代的海外旅行不是任何人都能做的事情，如果没有航空旅行，也不是一个人在云雀上快速度假的事情。到某个地方要花很长时间，所以一旦到了那里，你就要呆一段时间。在这一节中，他建议旅行者找一位语言导师或一位以前去过这个地方的仆人作为向导。今天，这条建议仍然适用，尽管你不需要雇人陪你去。也许你认识一个以前去过这个国家或城市的人，他可以告诉你该做什么和不该做什么。你可以让旅行社为你准备一份行程表。当你到达那里时，你可以雇佣一名当地导游或在当地旅游局找到旅游团。培根的观点是在你去之前利用别人对这个地方的了解，这样你就不会蒙着眼睛（“蒙面”）四处走动，也不会在体验这个地方的时候完全理解它。

在出发前，学习任何一种当地语言都只会在日常细节上帮助你从A点到B点，并找到绝对必要的东西：食物和饮料、睡觉的地方和厕所设施，尽管培根太有礼貌了，无法具体指出这些东西。

记下你的经历

他建议人们把所看到的和经历记录下来，这也是一个很好的建议。旅行只会持续很长时间，对更美好细节的记忆也会褪色。不过，如果你把它们写下来，你以后就能通过第一印象的眼睛重新体验这次旅行。不要在路上写下一些东西，然后放下。在你的旅程中保持这种状态，你会一直看到新的事物。

参见“王子法庭”或“司法法庭”所在的历史建筑。见教堂、修道院、纪念碑、城墙和防御工事、港口和造船厂、废墟、大学和图书馆。你可能会看到击剑表演或马术表演，尽管现在你可能不会遇到很多“死刑处决”。你可以参加戏剧表演、参加讲座、参观文物，以及做你的导游或朋友推荐的任何其他活动。

"If you will have a young man to put his travel into a little room, and in short time to gather much, this you must do: first, as was said, he must have some entrance into the language before he goeth; then he must have such a servant, or tutor, as knoweth the country, as was likewise said: let him carry with him also some card, or book, describing the country where he travelleth, which will be a good key to his inquiry; let him keep also a diary; let him not stay long in one city or town, more or less as the place deserveth, but not long: nay, when he stayeth in one city or town, let him change his lodging from one end and part of the town to another, which is a great adamant of acquaintance; let him sequester himself from the company of his countrymen, and diet in such places where there is good company of the nation where he travelleth: let him, upon his removes from one place to another, procure recommendation to some person of quality residing in the place whither he removeth; that he may use his favour in those things he desireth to see or know; thus he may abridge his travel with much profit."

除了语言辅导和朋友的建议外，培根建议你需要一本好的旅行指南来帮助你四处走动，这在今天仍然是一个非常好的建议。他还建议不要在任何一个地方呆太久，即使是在城市的同一个地方。尝试不同的部分。

在旅行中与当地人互动

不要把自己和你的旅行团或来自祖国的人隔离在一起。与当地人互动。从你要去的地方的居民那里得到关于看什么、做什么以及在哪里吃的建议。如果遵循当地人的建议，你的旅行会更加丰富，因为你会找到你可能没有找到的地方。有些建议永远不会过时。

"As for the acquaintance which is to be sought in travel, that which is most of all profitable, is acquaintance with the secretaries and employed men of ambassadors; for so in travelling in one country he shall suck the experience of many: let him also see and visit eminent persons in all kinds, which are of great name abroad, that he may be able to tell how the life agreeth with the fame; for quarrels, they are with care and discretion to be avoided: they are commonly for mistresses, healths, place, and words; and let a man beware how he keepeth company with choleric and quarrelsome persons; for they will engage him into their own quarrels. When a traveller returneth home, let him not leave the countries where he hath travelled altogether behind him; but maintain a correspondence by letters with those of his acquaintance which are of most worth; and let his travel appear rather in his discourse than in his apparel or gesture; and in his discourse, let him be rather advised in his answers, than forward to tell stories: and let it appear that he doth not change his country manners for those of foreign parts; but only prick in some flowers of that he hath learned abroad into the customs of his own country."

对于一个17世纪的贵族来说，结识大使的雇员可能更容易，但他们也没有旅行社或互联网来了解目的地。不过，在旅行中保持良好的行为举止绝对是个好建议。

把你所学的结合起来

正如培根指出的那样，当你回来后，你的朋友们不会想听到你对你的旅行喋喋不休。你也不应该放弃你以前的生活方式，完全接受你刚从那里回来的风俗习惯。但一定要从你的经验中学习，并结合你所学到的知识和实践，让你的家庭生活变得更好。