******(varicocele)和睪丸癌(testicular cancer)的區別
******和睪丸癌都以睪丸腫塊的形式出現,但這兩種情況有區別。******與睪丸癌的關鍵區別在於,睪丸癌是睪丸的癌變性生長,而******是非癌性的,是由於睪丸靜脈擴張(盤狀神經叢)而發生的。常見的睪丸癌有精原細胞瘤和畸胎瘤。
什麼是******(varicocele)?
******是由於睪丸的盤狀靜脈叢擴張而引起的**腫脹。擴張可自發發生或由於睪丸靜脈近端阻塞。它在觸診時有一種“蟲包”的感覺。左側******常見。有時可發生雙側******。與老年人相比,******是年輕人的常見病。儘管眾所周知******可能是無害的,但長期存在的******會導致**不育。
******是近端靜脈阻塞的第一個表現,如腎細胞癌,導致腎靜脈阻塞,繼而導致睪丸靜脈阻塞。因此,******需要醫生正確評估。它不會引起疼痛,但會有刺痛感和**沉重感。治療是通過手術結紮睪丸靜脈,這是一個小手術程序。
什麼是睪丸癌(testicular cancer)?
睪丸癌有幾種組織學類型。其中畸胎瘤和精原細胞瘤是最常見的變種。睪丸癌見於相對年輕的年齡組,但不一定。睪丸癌可出現許多非特**症狀,如**沉重、睪丸硬塊、劇痛或隱痛。如果在腫瘤侷限於**的時候被發現,預後很好。但是,如果已經擴散到**外,複發率很高。疼痛並不是睪丸癌的一個鑑別特徵,許多其他良性疾病也能引起類似的臨床表現。因此,任何睪丸腫塊都應仔細檢查以排除睪丸癌。
Lumps with malignant potential can be detected by an ultrasonic scan of the scrotum. However, biopsy and histology will give the definitive diagnosis. Many types of hormones are secreted by testicular cancers. These hormones can be useful as biomarkers to detect the type of cancer. Some examples are alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (the “pregnancy hormone”), and LDH-1. Once the cancer is diagnosed it needs staging to decide the extent of distant and local spread. This is done by CT/MRI scanning. Treatment is decided depending on the staging. Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of the testis which is even curative at early stages of the disease. Additionally, the patient is offered hormone ablation therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Once the treatment is completed regular follow-up is required to detect any recurrences.
******(varicocele)和睪丸癌(testicular cancer)的區別
******與睪丸癌的定義
******:******。
睪丸:睪丸癌是原發性睪丸癌變。
******與睪丸癌的特點
演示
******:******造成一袋蟲的感覺,觸感柔軟。
睪丸:睪丸癌在觸診時很難形成,典型的睪丸感覺喪失。
年齡組
******:******可以發生在任何年齡段。
睪丸:睪丸癌在年輕時很常見。
難題
******:******會導致不育。
睪丸癌可以擴散到睪丸**。
治療
******:******是通過手術結紮睪丸靜脈來治療的。
睪丸:睪丸癌是用睪丸切除術和激素消融術治療的。
預後
******:******預後較好。
Image Courtesy: “Gray1147” by Henry Vandyke Carter – Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body. (Public Domain) via Comm*** “Seminoma” by Nephron – Own work. (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Comm***