行为主义的主要区别(main difference behaviori**) vs. 认知心理学(cognitive psychology)

Behaviori** and Cognitive psychology are two movements in psychology which are used to explain human behavior. However, they are often confused by many people due to the very thin borderline which differentiates one from the other. The main difference between behaviori** and cognitive psychology is that behaviori** is based on the fact that human behavior is decided by the experiences one has had as c***equences to various similar acti*** whereas cognitive psychology is based on the fact that humans have the capability to process and ****yze various information in their mind.

什么是行为主义(behaviori**)？

行为主义是研究行为的唯一目的是确定其决定因素。这是一个通用术语，用于定义科学方法，将心理学中的理论局限于可观察、可记录和可测量的行为。这也涉及到根据人类对外界或环境**的反应来记录和分析可观察到的人类行为模式的各个方面。

行为主义背后的基本假设是，人们通过将环境与经验结果联系起来来学习事物，并根据最理想的结果采用个人行为模式。行为主义还证实，当某些事件同时发生时，它们要么相互关联，要么产生相同的结果。更重要的是，行为主义没有解决人类和动物行为之间的任何差异。

There are two types of Behaviori** described in general psychology, namely, Classical behaviori** and Operant conditioning. Classical behaviori** is mainly based on a theory where a neutral signal is placed before a reflex, creating the desired outcome. This generally explains involuntary or automatic resp***es of an individual. Operant conditioning, which mainly targets describing the strength or weakness of voluntary behaviors, also explains how behavior changes following reinforcement or punishment.

什么是认知心理学(cognitive psychology)？

This is a subcategory of psychology which explains how internal mental processes define an individual’s personality, memory, the ability of thinking logically, problem-solving and speech. Cognitive psychology has the basic assumption that humans have the capability to process and ****yze various information in their mind. It does not rely on visible behavior but focuses more on the process of thoughts behind it. Additionally, cognitive behavior is known to be a reaction to behaviori** according to some psychologists.

行为主义(behaviori**)和认知心理学(cognitive psychology)的区别

行为

行为主义：对行为主义的研究，大多是在动物身上进行的，揭示了每一种行为都是外部**的不可改变的结果。

认知心理学：对认知的研究，主要集中在人类身上，解释行为模式是如何由以获取、处理和储存信息为目标的大脑内部过程决定的。

基础

行为主义：行为主义的基础在于这样一个事实：人类的行为是由一个人对各种类似行为的后果所经历的经验决定的。

认知心理学：认知心理学主要研究人的思维及其分析和组织决定个体行为的信息的能力。

自我分析

行为主义：行为心理学明显拒绝把自我分析（内省）作为一种可靠的调查方式。

认知心理学：认知心理学以内省为工具。

Image Courtesy:

“Cognitive Psychology” By Jtneill – Own work (Public Domain) via Comm*** Wikimedia 

“心理行为主义”作者：Tekks–英文维基百科（CC By-SA 3.0）通过Comm*** Wikimedia