反措辞（Antiphrasis）是一种修辞格，在这种修辞格中，一个词或短语的用法与其传统意义相反，具有讽刺或幽默的效果；言语反讽。它也被称为语义倒置。

它的形容词是反措辞的。

“反措辞”一词来自希腊语，“用相反的词语表达”

示例和评注：

"Yes, I killed him. I killed him for money--and a woman--and I didn't get the money and I didn't get the woman. Pretty, isn't it?" (Fred MacMurray as Walter Neff in Double Indemnity, 1944) "He looked like a Vulcan fresh emerged from his forge, a misshapen giant not quite sure of how to maneuver in this bright new world... His real name, the name given to him by his youthful mother before she abandoned him in a Brooklyn orphanage, was Thomas Theodore Puglowski, but his friends all called him Tiny... At least, Tiny supposed, they would if he had any friends." (Michael McClelland, Oyster Blues. Pocket Books, 2001)

下面的第一句话说明了反措辞：很明显，弗兰克发出的噪音根本不是“悦耳的”（或“悦耳的”）。然而，在第二段中，“相当聪明”只是一个方便的谎言；这不是用来讽刺的修辞手法。

“我被早晨看门人弗兰克悦耳的声音吵醒，他时而喊我的名字，时而按我的门铃，时而敲我公寓的门。”（多萝西·萨缪尔斯，《肮脏的富人》，威廉·莫罗，2001）

"Owen would just smile and eat his eggs, and maybe reach over and slap Ernie's back and say, 'That's real funny, Ernie. You're pretty clever.' All the while thinking to himself, You moron. What do you know?" "Which, of course, he couldn't say out loud. He could think it, but he couldn't say it. When you're a public figure in a small town, you have to treat people with dignity, even Ernie Matthews." (Philip Gulley, Home to Harmony. HarperOne, 2002) Gob: What do you think, Dad — a whole tiny town? Larry: Another brilliant idea, Einstein! Gob: Really? You'll build it with me? George Sr.: Larry never really knows how to sell the sarcasm. ("Mr. F." Arrested Development, 2005) "Even a brief consideration of the most common rhetorical devices deployed in ironic texts will show that antiphrasis explains only some of them, such as litotes and contradiction; whereas, on the contrary, hyperbole works by excess, not opposition, and meiosis operates by playing down more than by playing against." (Linda Hutcheon, Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. Routledge, 1994) "I told you, she's got tracking devices in our fillings! If you two geniuses had ripped them out like I did, we wouldn't have been in this mess!" (Justin Berfield as Reese in "Billboard." Malcolm in the Middle, 2005)

“伦敦有创造力的年轻人”（1850年）对反措辞的使用

"[A]ntiphrasis... is best explained by saying that it seems to have become the chief rhetorical ornament of the ingenious and inventive youth of London, the real City, and may be found in its highest perfection in the conversations of the Artful Dodger, Mr. Charley Bates, and other luminaries of the novels now or lately most in esteem. It partakes of the nature of the Socratic Eironeia, in expressing your thought by words whose literal signification is the precise reverse thereof... For example, they say of a man-of-war, 'how little this is!' meaning, how immense! 'Here is only one yam!' = what a number of yams! Chi atoo ofa--Small is my love for you = I love you to madness and murder. It is to be lamented that this form of speech is not more widely diffused amongst us: we do indeed hear occasionally, 'you are a nice man!' 'this is pretty conduct!' and the like; but the dodge is rarely exemplified in Parliamentary debate, where it would often be highly ornamental."("Forms of Salutation." The London Quarterly Review, October 1850)